B.1.2

Question 1

Bone =

Answer 1

primary structure of body - provides support protection and framework for movement

Question 2

Ligaments =

Answer 2

connective bone to bone, elastic to allow movement

Question 3

Cartilage =

Answer 3

smooth tissue that covers the end of bones in the joint, acts as a shock absorber, reduces friction

Question 4

Fascia =

Answer 4

web like layer of connective tissue that surround and support muscles and organs

Question 5

Tendons =

Answer 5

strong cord like structure that connect muscle to bone

Question 6

Range of motion =

Answer 6

differs between joints and people. It is influenced by bone shape and flexibility of ligaments

Question 7

Connective tissues uses? (3)

Answer 7

1. Binds together to support and strengthen other body tissues
2. Protect internal organs
3. Acting site of stored energy reverses

Question 8

Functions of the skeletal system (6)

Answer 8

1. Protection - of the internal organs
2. Joints for movement - muscles can attach to bone for muscle contraction to move bones
3. Mineral homeostasis - store minerals i.e calcium and phosphorus
4. Blood cell production - bone marrow and produces the different types of bone
5. Triglyceride (fat) storage - stored in yellow bone marrow (found in long bones), important as an energy reserve
6. Support - structural framework that supports soft tissues and provides attachment points for tendons

Question 9

Types of bones (5)

Answer 9

1. Long - long cylindrical, for movement
2. Short - small, cube shaped, for weight baring
3. Flat - curved surfaces, are for protection and muscle attachment
4. Irregular - specialised shapes (protection, movement, etc)
5. Sesamoid - types of short bones embedded in tendons where large amount of pressure develops, pulleys, reducing friction and stress on tendons

Question 10

Bone matrix made up of (2)

Answer 10

• Bone contains a matrix of protein fibres, water and mineral salts, collagen fibres
• Collagen fibres give bone high tensile strength, mineral salts harden tissue

Question 11

Stability of joint affected by (3)

Answer 11

• the shape of bones
• the area over which the bones are in contact
• the flexibility of ligaments

Question 12

Fibrous joint?

Answer 12

• the bones at an immoveable joint the can’t move - they overlap and interlock e.g cranium

Question 13

Cartilaginous joint

Answer 13

• the bones can only move a little - they are held together by ligaments and are joined by cartilage

Question 14

Synovial joint

Answer 14

• offer significant movement

Question 15

5 main parts of the synovial joint?

Answer 15

1. Ligaments
2. Articular cartilage
3. Synovial fluid
4. Articular capsule
5. Synovial membrane

Question 16

Articular cartilage

Answer 16

smooth tissue which covers the surface of articulating bone; absorbs shock and allows friction free movement; smooth cartilage that reduces friction / that is on the end of the bones <of></of>

Question 17

Articular capsule

Answer 17

a fibrous sac that surrounds/encloses the joint; provides strength to the joint; strong tissue enveloping the joint / blends into the periosteum / gives the joint stability / stops unwanted material getting into the joint area

Question 18

Synovial membrane

Answer 18

location just inside the articular capsule; secretes synovial fluid into the joint; lines the inside of the capsule / produces synovial fluid

Question 19

Synovial fluid

Answer 19

lubricating liquid with the joint capsule; reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage; fluid that lubricates the articular surfaces / forms a cushion / provides nutrients for the cartilage / absorbs any debris / fluid inside the capsule