C.4.2

Question 1

Coping

Answer 1

= the constantly changing cognitive and behavioural efforts to manage specific external and internal demands that are appraised as taxing or exceeding the resources of the person

Question 2

Coping strategies: (5)

Answer 2

• Self-talk strategies
• Disengagement
• Distraction
• Relaxation
• social support (emotional-focussed and problem focussed)

Question 3

Coping process? (4)

Answer 3

1. Primary Appraisal
2. Secondary Appraisal
3. Coping
4. Outcome

Question 4

Primary Appraisal (2)

Answer 4

When something happens (a stressor) YOU decided
- Not important → No stress
- Positive → Excited (challenge)
- Stressful → Could be a problem

If stressful, you decide:
- Harm/Loss → Damage already happened
- Threat → Something bad might happen
- Challenge → Opportunity to grow or succeed

Question 5

Secondary Appraisal

Answer 5

You ask yourself:
- Can I deal with this?
If yes → You feel more confident
If no → You feel anxious

Question 6

Coping

Answer 6

You choose how to respond:
- Problem-focused (Fix the problem)
- Emotion-focused (Control feelings)
- Avoidance (Ignore it)

Question 7

Outcome

Answer 7

Your coping affects:
- Stress levels
- Confidence
- Performance

Question 8

Coping effectiveness depends on: (3)

Answer 8

1. Personal goals
2. Situational context
3. Individual appraisal

Question 9

Effectiveness of relaxation (3)

Answer 9

• Relaxation strategies are highly effective for acute performance, particularly before or during sporting events.
  • Relaxation can be archived by progressive muscular relaxation (PMR) and autogenic training
  • Sports with low physiological load may benefit more

Question 10

Effectiveness of distraction: (2)

Answer 10

• Distraction offers short-term relief from stress and emotional challenges by diverting attention.
• Butdoes not resolve underlying problems

Question 11

Emotion focused social support: (2)

Answer 11

• This involves managing emotions rather than directly solving the source of stress
• Can include talking with friends, family, coaches, for empathy and reassurance

Question 12

Effectiveness of Seeking Social Support: (3)

Answer 12

• Social support is highly effective for reducing stress and improving control, self-confidence, and sense of belonging.
• Offers for sharing emotions, especially when support comes from
  experienced individuals
• Athletes seek specific guidance or help from coaches

Question 13

Effectiveness of Disengagement:

Answer 13

• Disengagement strategies are linked to poorer outcomes in health, achievement, and emotional resilience.

Question 13

Effectiveness of Self-Talk Strategies:

Answer 13

• Effective use of self-talk involves cues that are meaningful, personally relevant, and situation-specific.

Question 14

• Problem-focused coping

Answer 14

is typically more effective for controllable stressors

Question 14

“Think out loud” protocol:

Answer 14

• where individuals verbally describe what they’re thinking while performing a task

Question 15

• Emotion-focused coping

Answer 15

helps with uncontrollable stressors

Question 16

• Avoidance-focused coping

Answer 16

aimed at reducing stress by ignoring a stressor

Question 17

Coping flexibility

Answer 17

• Training that emphasisesboth coping skills and choosing the right skill for each situation