AAAMedicine > Cardio quick > Flashcards

Cardio quick Flashcards

(49 cards)

Study These Flashcards
1
Q

Pulsus paradoxes causes

A

FALL in bp during inspiration - faint or absent pulse
Severe asthma
Cardiac tamponade

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2
Q

Low rising/ plateau pulse cause?

A

Aortic stenosis

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3
Q

Collapsing pulse cause?

A

Aortic rerguitation
PDA
Hyperkinetic states

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4
Q

Pulsus alternans cause?

A
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5
Q

What is left sided HF?

A

Left ventricle, blood backs up into the lungs

Dyspnoea, orthopnoea, pulmonary oedema.

Cause = ischaemia, HTN and valve disease

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6
Q

What is right sided HF?

A

Right ventricle
Blood backs up into the systemic venous system

Symptoms: oedema, JVP raised, ankle oedema and hepatomegaly

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7
Q

If someone has a AV node block following an MI, what artery was most likely to have been affected?

A

Right coronary artery

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8
Q

Heart valves - anticoagulation

A

Mechanical - warfarin + aspirin
Bioprosthetic - aspirin

NOTE target for aortic is 3
target for mitral is 3.5

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9
Q

Daltaarin vs heparin - checking

A

Heparin is APtt
LMWH is Xa

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10
Q

heparin mechanism

A

Fibrinogen to fibrin

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11
Q

What is contraindicated in VT?

A

Broad, fast

Verapamil

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12
Q

Angina treatment

A

Dilitazem/ verapmail if monotherpay

Beta blocker + nifidepine/ amlodipine if dual

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13
Q

TDP treatment

A

Mag sulphate

SAH, can cause

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14
Q

IE indications for surgery?

A

Severe valve incompetence
Aortic abscess
Infection resistent to ABX
Secondary cardiac failure

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15
Q

HF treatment

A

. Acei + BB (one started at a tieme)
Spiro + SGLT2 if low ejection fraction
Ivabradine

Annual influenza
One off pneumococcal
—-> CRT

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16
Q

STEMi etc anticoagulation

A

Always aspirin
PCI - prusagrel
Thrombolysis - tricagrelor
Anti coag - clopigorel

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17
Q

Adrenaline induced ischaemia

A

Phentilamine

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18
Q

Right sided HF

A

Raised jVP, ankle oedema, hepatomegaly

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19
Q

Brugada syndrome

A

St elevation, autosomal dominant, implantable device

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20
Q

Acute mitral regurgitation vs left ventricular wall defect vs left ventricular aneurysm post MI

Study These Flashcards
A

Acute mitral regurgitation
- Ischaemia or rupture of the papillary muscle
- Hypotension and pulmonary oedema

Dresslers
-2-6 weeks post MI wit fever, pleuritic pain, ESR raised

Left ventricular anyurism - persistent ST elevation
BREATHLESS@

Left ventricular free wall rupture
- raised JVP, reduced heart sounds, pulsus paradoxus
- ACUTE HF.
Need urgent pericardiocentesis

21
Q

PE + renal impairment

22
Q

AS cut off gradient

23
Q

Pericarditis

Study These Flashcards
A

Saddle shaped ST
JVP increases on inspiration
More specifically - PR depression

MUST DO A TOE

Give them NSAIds na dcolchicone

24
Q

PE haemodylnamic instability

Study These Flashcards
A

thrombolysis with alteplase

25
When to offer ABPM or HBMO
If clinic reading is >140/90 If it says >135/85 = stage one HTN
26
Thiazide like diuretics side effects
Hyponatraemia, hypokalaemia, dehydration
27
Areas on the ECG
Anterior - V1-V4, LAD Infection - II,III,AVF - right coronary Lateral - I, V5-V6
28
Cardiac tamponade
Accumulation of pericardial fluid under pressure Hypotension, raised JVP, muffled heart sounds Dyspnoea, tachycardia, drop in BP in inspitation, electrical alters on ECG Urgent percaridocentesis
29
STEMI management
Aspirin 300mg, o2 if sats 94, nitrites - caution in hypotension if PCI is possible in 120 mins: PCI + prusagrel If presentation is within 12 hours of symptom onset Drug eluting stents Radial access- unfractioned heparin with bailout GP If PCI is not possible within 120 minute: - Fibrinolysis - Should be offered within 12 hours of symptom onset - FOndaparinux Do egg after to check for persistent MI
30
NSTEMI management
Aspirin 300mg + fondaparinux If GRACE Low risk - tricagrelor If grace High risk - PCI within 72 hours ( immediate if hypotensive)
31
Myocarditis
ST elevation, pulmonary oedema, fly symptoms, chest pain
32
IE
Staph aureus most common Viridans for dental STaph epidermis if post valve surgery Colorectal cancer for Bovis
33
Native vs prosethetic valve IE
Native - amox Prosthetic - vanc + rifampicin + gent
34
HOCM treatment and signs
MR SAM ASH - mitral regurgitation, systoleic anterior Motion, asymmetrical hypertrophy beta blockers, implantable cardiac defibrillator
35
Ejection systolic murmurs
Louder on inspiration pulmonary stenosis ASD Louder on expiration - aortic stenosis - HOCM
36
Pansystolic murmur
Mitral/ tricuspid regurgitation TC = louder on inspiration
37
Late systolic murmur
Coartication of the aorta
38
Early diastolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation Graham steel - pulmonary regurgitation
39
MId- late diastolic
Mitral stenosis
40
Continuous
PDA
41
Mitral stenosis vs mitral regurgitation
Mitral stenosis - mid to late diastolic malar flush, murmur. dyspnoea, haemoptysis RHEUMATIC FEVER!!! Asymptomatic - regular echos Symptomatic - percutaneous mitral balloon valaveotomy Mitral regurgitation - 0 pan systolic blowing. Nitrates, diuretics, positive ionotropes
42
Aortic regurgitation vs aortic stenosis
Stenois - EJS Regurgitation - collapsing pulse, head bobbing, can get hf, root or valve
43
SVT treatment
Vagal IV adenosine 6-12-18 if contraindicated in asthmatics - give verapamil prevention of episodes= radio frequency ablation and beta blockers
44
ANYONE HAEMODYNAMICALLY UNSTABLE WITH tachycardia?
ELECTRICAL cardioversion unsynchronised
45
Bradycardia
Atropine 500mcg IV IF response if unsatisfactory - can give up to 3mg transcutaneous pacing Adrenaline infusion
46
Shockable rhythms?
VF and pulseless T Single shock followed by 2 mins CPR, if witnessed then 3 staggered shocks Repeat adrenaline every 3-5 mins Amiodoarone 300mg, can use lidocaine if unavailable
47
AF rate control vs rhythm control
rate: Beta blockers, calcium channel, digoxin rhythm: if <65, first presentation of symptomatic - amiodarone, flecanide ( if no structural heart disease)
48
Post stroke, af anitcoagulant?
Warfarin or direct thrombin/ Xa TIA start immediately, acute stroke 2w later (clopidogrel for everyone else!)
49
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