AAAMedicine > Other quick > Flashcards

Other quick Flashcards

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1
Q

Cancers with raised platelets

A

LEGO C
Lung
Endometrial
Gastric
Oesphageal
Colorectal

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2
Q

Microcytic, normocytic anaemia causes

A

Micro - TAILS - thalassaemia, anaemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency, lead poisoning, sideroblastic anaemia

Normocytic - Acute blood loss, anaemia of chronic disease, aplastic anaemia, haemolytic anaemia, hypothyroidism

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3
Q

Haemolytic anaemia

A

Splenomegaly, jaundice, schistocytes on blood film, positive direct Coombs in autoimmune

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4
Q

Autoimmune haemolytic management

A

Blood transfusion, pre, rituximab, splenectomy

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5
Q

b12 deficiency anaemia

A

Megaloblastic microcytic

Insufficiency in dietary b12 or pernicious anaemia

–> antibodies form against parietal cells of intrinsic factor
Lemon tinge

1mg IM hydroxoblamin 3x weekly for 2 weeks then every 3 months

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6
Q

Sickle cell anaemia

A

Haemoglobin electrophoresis
Autosomal recessive
Pneumococcal vaccine every 5 years
Hydroxyurea as prophylaxis

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7
Q

Vaso-occlusive crisis

A

Sickle cells clog capillaries –> ischaemia

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8
Q

Splenic sequestration crisis

A

RBCs blocking flow out spleen
Increased reticulocytes

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9
Q

Aplastic crisis

A

Loss of new RBCs
Parovirus b12
Reduced reticulocytes

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10
Q

ACUTE CHEST syndrome

A

Fever or resp symptoms with new infiltrates on CXR

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11
Q

Target cells and Howell jolly

A

Coeliac ( hyposplenism)

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12
Q

Von WBF

A

MOSt common inherited clotting disease
Bleeding post tooth extraction!
Demopressin

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13
Q

Haemophilia A and B

A

Dad cant pass it to sons
A = 8
B = 9

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14
Q

DIC

A

Low fibrinogen
Thrombocytopenia
Increased PT and APTT
D dimer
High bleeding, confusion, hypotension
Sepsis!

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15
Q

Hodgkins lymphoma

A

RF- HIV, EBV, RA, sarcoid

Lymphadenopathy neck> axillary> inguinal
Painless, non tender, rubbery
B symptoms
Reed stein berg - owls eye

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16
Q

Non Hopkins

A

Burkitt - starry sky
Malt
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma

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17
Q

ALL

A

Anaemia, low platelets, low neutrophils, bone pain
Bone marrow aspirate
Blast cells

Chemotherapy( allopurinol and rapture before)

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18
Q

AML

A

Aueur rods
Downs syndrome associated
Risk of DIC and VTE

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19
Q

CLL

A

Can transform into high grade lymphoma
Warm heamolytic anaemia
Smear/ smudge cells
Fragile WBCs boke donw

watch and wait

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20
Q

CML

A

Philadelphia
Tyrosine kinase inhibitors –> imatinib first line
Massive splenomegaly
Can turn into ALL

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21
Q

Dabigatran reversal

A

Idarucizumab

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22
Q

Rivoroxaban and apixaban reversal

A

Andexanet alfa

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23
Q

PCV

A

Aspirin, venesection
Ruddy complexion

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24
Q

Primary myelofibrosis

A

Tear shaped

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25
Itp
Immune mediated More common in females Petchiae, purpura, bleeding Epistaxis Oral pred
26
TTP
Low platelets and anaemia Large and sticky VWF PLASMAPHERESIS
27
Post splenomegaly
Dialy prophylactic ABx- phenoxylmethylpenicllin Influenza Pneumococcal every 5 years Meningitic C and HiB 2w MENACWY
28
Non haemolytic febrile reaction
Antibodies reacting with white cell fragments and cytokines that have leaked out from blood cell during storage Fever and chills Slow/ stop , paracetamol
29
MInor allergic
Caused by foreign plasma protein Pruitis and urticaria Temporarily stop transfusion, antihistamine, monitor
30
Anaphylaxis
Hypotension, dyspnoea, wheeze, aniogedema IM adrenline, abc
31
Acute haemolytic reaction
ABO - incomplete blood e.g. 2 to human error RBC destruction by IgM antibodies fever, abdo pain, hypotension STOP, repeat crossmatch
32
TACO
Excessive rate of transfusion, pre existing HF Pulmonary oedema and HTN Consider furosemide, stop transfusion
33
TRALI
Pulmonary oedema Hypotension, pulmonary infiltrates on CXR, fever Stop transfusion - supportive care
34
Tumour lysis
Triggered by chemo high potassium, high phosphate, low calcium, Aki, urea Prevention with allopurinol or rasbirucase Treatment with rasburicase and IV fluids
35
MSCC
Back pain worse on movement/ at night Leg weaknesss Numbness MRI spine Dex
36
Platelets
BACTERIA
37
SVCO
Dyspnoea, face/neck swelling Conjunctival oedema visual disturbance CXR and CT chest
38
Neutropenic sepsis
<0.5 x10 neutrophils 38 temp Staph epidermis PROPHYLAXIS - fludrocloroquine Piperacillin and tazo
39
Myeloma
CRABBI Renal problems, anaemia fracture Roleaux BLIP Raindrop skull Chemo bisphosphonate and dex
40
Breast cancer screening
Mammogram every 30 years 50-70 years old
41
2WW breast
Unexplained breast lump in 30+ Unilateral nipple changes in 50+
42
Chemoprevention pre and post menopause
pre - tamoxifen post - anastrozole
43
Prior to breast surgery
If no axillary lymphadenopathy -- USS If palpable lymphadenopathy - axillary node clearance May get lymphoedema and arm impairment
44
HER2+
Traztumamab - NOT if heart problems though!
45
Gynaeomastia
High prolactin Low testosterone Meds - spiro, GnRH, digoxin testicular cancer obesity
46
Tamoxifen
SERM Menstrual disturbance Hot flushes VTE endometrial cancer
47
Anastrozole
Aromatase inhibitors Reduces peripheral oestrogen disturbance Side effects- osteoporosis, hot flushes, arthralgia
48
USS AAA screening
Offered at 65 Approx 95% in the infrarenal segment
49
AAA sizes
<3 normal 3-4.4 -rescan every 12 months 4.5-5.4- rescan every 3 months >5 or enlarging more than 1cm/ year or symptomatic = 2WW refer
50
Aortic dissection
Chest pain A Back pain B A- surgery Iv labetaolol for B, conservative
51
ABPI scores
>1.2 calcified 1-1.2 normal 0.6-0.9 - claudication <0.5 - severe disease
52
CLI
End of PAD Endovascular revascularisation, anigoplasty with stent <10cm Surgical is, surgical bypass, >10cm
53
ALI
thrombus: pre existing claudication, no obvious source of emboli, reduced or absent pulses in contra limbs embolus - no history of claudication, ... AF, MI, no evidence of PAD THromb- PERC thrombolysis Embolic - embolectomy
54
Categorial variables
Grouped intro categories
55
Discrete
Only take certain. values, usually integers
56
Continuous
Value within a range of values
57
Nominal variables
No intrinsic order or ranking eg hair colour
58
Scretions and rattly breathing
hyoscine
59
SCC in the orophyanx related virus
HPV
60
Hormones in menstrual cycle
LH rises during ovulation Luteal phase = progesterone high
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