AAAMedicine > Paeds quick > Flashcards

Paeds quick Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

Turners syndrom

A

Ejection systolic murmur due to bicupsid aortic valve

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2
Q

PDA treatment and what does it present with

A

Give ibuprofen/ indomethacin to the neonate in the postnatal period

Left subclavicular thrill, continuous machinery murmur, large volume bounding collapsing pulse

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3
Q

whooping cough

A

Azithromycin or clarithromycin if onset within past 21 days

Notifiable

Household contacts get a prophylactic abx

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4
Q

Newborn screening programme

A

Otoacoustic emission test

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5
Q

Thread worms

A

Enterobius vermicularis

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6
Q

Transient synovitis

A

Limp, refusal to weight bear, recent fever

Make sure you check for septic arthritis

Self limiting

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7
Q

Cows milk protein intolerance

A

Extensive hydrolysed formula
Elimiinate cows milk protein from maternal diet and consider prescribing calcium supplements if breast feeding

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8
Q

Croup

A

Parainfluenzae
Barking cough, stridor, fever

—> single dose oral prednisone

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9
Q

Reflux nephropathy screen

A

Micrurating cystography

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10
Q

Threadworms treatment

A

mebendazole

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11
Q

Capput succadenueum vs cephalhaematoma?

A

Cephalohaematoma: Several hours after birth, doesn’t cross suture lines, can take months to resolve

Succedenaum - crosses suture suture lines, present at birth

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12
Q

Nocturnal enuresis

A

5 years old

  • enuresis alarm
  • dessmopressin
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13
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Projectile non bile stained vomiting at 4-6 weeks
Test feed or USS
Ramstedt pyloromyotomy

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14
Q

Intussception

A

Telescoping bowel
Proximal to or at the level of ileocaecal valve
6-9 months
Colicky pain, diarrhoea, vomiting, sausage mass, red jelly stool

Reduction with air insufflation

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15
Q

Intestinal malrotation

A

High caecum at mid line
Upper GI contrast adn USS
Ladd’s procedure

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16
Q

Hischsprung’s disease

A

Absence of ganglion cells from myenteric and submucosal plexuses
Full thickness rectal bio[sy for diagnosis
Delayed passage of meconium

–> rectal washouts

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17
Q

Biliary atresia

A

Jaudnice >14 days
Increased conjugated bilirubin
Urgent kasai procedure

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18
Q

Infants <3 months UTI

A

IV abx ceftriaxone and admission

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19
Q

Vaccinations - rota virus

A

2,3 months

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20
Q

6 in 1 - when?

A

Diptheria, tetanus, whooping, polio, hib, hep B

2,3,4 months

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21
Q

androgen insensitivity syndrome

A

Testes
46XY
Primary amenorrhea
Groin swelling

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22
Q

Turners

A

45XO
Short stature, shield chest, webbed neck
ES murmur over bicuspid aortic valve
primary amenorrhea
Horseshoe kidney

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23
Q

Pyloric stenosis

A

Visible peristalsis, palpable mass, non bilious vomit

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24
Q

Serogenic toxidrome

A

EXTREME temperature
Mental agitation
Confusion
Hypertonia, hyperreflexia

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25
Addisonian crisis presentation
Reduced consciousness, hypotension, hypoglycaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyponatraemia
26
DDH
Risk factors = breech, weight >5kg, oliohydraminos Screened for at birth AND 6-8 weeks with USS if risk factors if >4,5 months can do RAY Palvik harness (<6 months old), older - surgery
27
Perthes disease
AVN of femoral head 4-8 years old, more common in boys Hip pain progressing over weeks, lim Hyperactive XRAY shows widening of join space, decreased femoral head size Cast and braces If <6 can observe, if >6 = surgery
28
Slipped upper femoral epiphysis
Obese boys, 10-15, hip groin, thigh and knee pain XRAY Internal fixation with cannulated screw
29
Croup
Parainfluenzae!!!!
30
Edwards
A baby is born with micrognathia, low-set ears, rocker bottom feet and overlapping of fingers Trisomy 18
31
When do you try to keep duct open vs shut it?
Open - if giving them oxygen doesn't improve the problem - want to keep it open till you can operate e.g. coarctication of the aorta, pulmonary atrsia,
32
PDA murmur
Small - may not have any noise, or large continuous machinery
33
Tetralogy of fallot
EJSM
34
VSD
Pan systolic murmur poor feeding
35
Impetigo
No school till lesions are crusted and healed or 48 hours after commencing abx Hydrogen peroxide Fluclox if extensive
36
Mumps
Orchitis is most common problem Fever, malaise and parotitis. rest, paracetamol, notifiable
37
Scarlet fever
Group A strep, sore throat, rough sandpaper rash, strawberry tongue PENV for 10 days Notifiable, return to school 24 hours after starting abx
38
Measles
10-12 days post exposure you get symptoms Fever, coryzal symptoms, conjuncitvitis, koplik spots Notifiable, self resolving Isolate until 4 days after symptoms resolve otitis media is most common complication
39
Children under 5 with nocturnal enuresis
Manage with reassurance and advice
40
Fragile X
Mild-moderate learning difficulty, a long and narrow face, large ears, flexible fingers and large testicles.
41
Noonan syndrome
Webbed neck, pectus excavatum, short stature and pulmonary stenosis.
42
Laryngomalacia
inspiratory stridor Most cases resolve spontaneously
43
Parovirus b19
Slapped cheeks, reticular rash on trunks and limbs, fever and coryza symptoms No need to stay off School
44
Roseola infant
Caused by HHV6 High fever,1-2 weeks after infection which then settles and a rash develops rash on trunk, no exclusion Not itchy Can get febrile convulsions
45
Hand foot and mouth
Coxsackie A Viral upper resp tract, followed by small ulcers Supportive
46
Infantile spasms
Wests syndrome Starts at 6 months, full body spasms Clusters Poor prognosis ---> prednisolone
47
Kallmans
Hypogonadotrophic Low testosterone X linked recessive Low LH Cant smell Delayed puberty
48
Androgen insensitivity
46XY primary amenorrhea Undescended testes causing groin swelling Bilateral orhediectomy -- increased risk of testicular cancer High LH normal/high testosterone
49
Kelinfelters
Taller than average Small firm testes Infertile Gynaecomastia
50
Sit without support ? Crawl? Walk unsupported?
7-8 without support sitting ( refer at 1 year) Crawls at 9 months Walks unsupported at 14 months
51
6 weeks
SMILE
52
6, 12, 9 months for fine motor q
Palmar, pointer, pincer
53
Edwards
Reduced HCG Rockerbottom feet Chromosome 18 Low set ears adn overlapping fingers
54
Pat
13 Small eyes, cleft lip/palate, polydyactcl, microcephalic
55
First 24 hours jaundice
Pathological Rhesus haemolytic disease, ABO haemolytic disease, hereditary spherocytosis, glucose 6 phosphodehydrogenase
56
2-14 days neonatal jaundice
Physiological
57
14 + days jaundice?
Biliary atresia, hypothyroid, UTI, breast milk jaundice, premature, congenital infection
58
UTI infant <3
IV ceftriaxone
59
Uti infant >3
Oral tri/ nitro
60
HUS
AKI, MAHA, Thrombocytosis E coli and shigella Diarrhoea bloody, fever, abdo pain, jaundice, blood film, supportive
61
Potter syndrome
Oligohydramnios Get underdeveloped ear cartilage, low set ears, flat nasal bridge
62
Recurrent UTIs
Abdo USS
63
Hypospadius
Ventral urethral meatus Corrective surgery at 12 months- no circumcision beforehand.
64
Vesicocouteric reflex
Recurrent UTIs Micturiating cystourethrogram
65
Priapism
Persistent erectile dysfunction, 4 Hours + Ischaemic or non ischaemic Due to: idiopathic, sickle cell disease, trauma, antihypertensives, anticoagulants Do a cavern blood gas analysis Doppler ultrasonography ischamia---> emergency!aspiration and injection of phenylephrine
66
Paeds BLS
Brachial/ femoral pulse 5x rescue breaths 15:2 100-120 /min Children = low half of the sternum Infants - 2 thumb technique
67
Downs syndrome
Short stature, short neck, flattened nose, prominent epicanthic folds High HCG, Low Papp-A, thickened nuccal translucency If higher chance ---> NIPT
68
Innocent mumur
Soft, Systolic, Short, Symptomless, Standing/Sitting (vary with position)
69
Rheumatic fever
Strep pyogens Erythema Marginatum Polyarthritis Pericarditis Subcutaneous nodules Raised ESR or CRP Pyrexia Arthralgia, pyrexia ---> oral pen V
70
Life threatening asthma
SpO2 <92% PEF <33% best or predicted Silent chest Poor respiratory effort Agitation Altered consciousness Cyanosis
71
Hirschsprungs
Associations 3 times more common in males Down's syndrome Possible presentations neonatal period e.g. failure or delay to pass meconium older children: constipation, abdominal distension Investigations abdominal x-ray rectal biopsy: gold standard for diagnosis Management initially: rectal washouts/bowel irrigation definitive management: surgery to affected segment of the colon
72
Resp rate >60 , grunting, seizures, bulging fontanelle, non blanching rash
RED FLAG
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