Define modal action pattern.
An innate, species-typical sequence of behaviors that is triggered by a specific stimulus and carried out to completion.
Define behavior.
Any observable action or response made by an organism.
Define general behavior trait.
A broad, inherited tendency that influences how an organism typically behaves across situations.
Define habituation.
A decrease in response to a stimulus after repeated exposure.
Define learning.
A relatively permanent change in behavior due to experience.
Define hybridization.
The crossing of two different species or genetically distinct individuals.
Define mutation.
A random change in genetic material.
Define natural selection.
Differential survival and reproduction of organisms with advantageous traits.
Define reflex.
An automatic response to a specific stimulus.
Define releaser.
A stimulus that triggers a modal action pattern.
Define stimulus.
Any detectable change in the environment that elicits a response.
Are humans still evolving?
Yes. Genetic variation and selection continue to occur in human populations.
Why hasn’t a field mouse evolved into a grizzly bear?
Evolution is constrained by ancestry and ecological niche.
In what sense is natural selection a product of the environment?
Environmental conditions determine which traits are favored.
In what sense is learning a product of natural selection?
Organisms evolved the capacity to learn because it enhances survival.
Invent a helpful human reflex.
Automatic posture correction when slouching.
Why is natural selection behind the times?
It operates slowly across generations.
How are reflexes and MAPs alike?
Both are innate and automatic.
How do reflexes and MAPs differ?
MAPs are complex sequences; reflexes are simple responses.
Can learning be nonadaptive?
Yes, if it leads to harmful behaviors.
Where is true human nature revealed?
In naturalistic environments rather than artificial settings.
Learning is a ____ in ____ due to ____.
Change in behavior; experience; practice.
Human fondness for sugar and fat illustrates what?
Traits once adaptive can become harmful.
Chick open mouth example of what?
Releaser.
