Chapter 11 Attachment Part 1

Question 1

Attachment

Answer 1

-An endearing emotional tie between two people
-Between children and parents

Question 2

Do infants become attached because of feeding?

Answer 2

-Psychoanalytic Theory
-Oral needs
-First relationship as model

Question 3

Do infants become attached because of behaviorism?

Answer 3

-Relief from hunger
-Positive associations go w attatchment

Question 4

Infant attachment and Harlow’s research

Answer 4

-Cloth and wire mother w/ food
-When stressed, monkeys went to cloth
-Babies care more about comfort than food

Question 5

Infant attachment and Ethology (Lorenz)

Answer 5

-Imprinting is when an animal follows the 1st large moving object they see
-Attachment is adaptive

Question 6

Infant attachment and Bowlby’s theory

Answer 6

-Most influential
-Ethology + Psychoanalysis
-Babies are biologically predisposed to stay close to caregivers

Question 7

When do infants become attached to one or more caregivers

Answer 7

During the second half of the first year of life (6 to 12 mo)

Question 8

Signs of attachment (4)

Answer 8

1.)Separation and Stranger Anxiety
2.)Greetings
3.)Secure Base Behavior
4.)Social Referencing

Question 9

Secure Base Behavior

Answer 9

When children explore their environment, but use an adult as a “safety base”

Question 10

Strange Situation (1-2 years)

Question 11

Secure Attachment (65%)

Answer 11

-Explore freely in caregiver’s presence
-Upset when caregiver leaves
-Warmly greet caregiver at reunion

Question 12

Insecure-Avoidant Attachment (20%)

Answer 12

-Little/No distress when separated
-Avoid contact w/ caregiver upon reunion
-Positive behavior with stranger

Question 13

Insecure-Resistant (10-15%)

Answer 13

-Distressed by separation
-Hard to settle at reunions
-Clinginess and anger

Question 14

Disorganized/Disoriented (15%)

Answer 14

-Confused, contradictory behaviors
-Dazed, fearful expressions
-Frozen posture associated with trauma

Question 15

What is the most common form of attachment?

Answer 15

Secure

Question 16

Western European Attachment

Answer 16

Mostly insecure avoidant (encouraged independence) like in Germany

Question 17

East Asian Attachment

Answer 17

Insecure attached children are resistant (rare separation)

Question 18

Secure attachment is associated with…?

Answer 18

-Greater Social competence
-Lower externalizing behavior(aggression)
-Lower internalizing behavior(anxiety)

Question 19

Secure attachment benefits children’s _____

Answer 19

Social-emotional development

Question 20

Parental Sensitivity

Answer 20

Being there as a parent when your child needs you

Question 21

Sensitive parenting is…?

Answer 21

Child-centered

Question 22

Greater maternal sensitivity equals…?

Answer 22

A greater chance of secure attachment

Question 23

Adult Attachment Interview

Answer 23

When adults talk about their childhood experiences

Question 24

Autonomous/Secure Adult Attachment

Answer 24

-Shows objectivity and balance
-Coherent
-Realistic view of parents
-Don’t feel angry

Question 25

Dismissing Adult Attachment

Answer 25

-Devalue relationships -Idealize parents but can't recall specific experience -Discuss past with little emotion

Question 26

Preoccupied Adult Attachment

Answer 26

-Speaking in an angry tone -Not coherent -Overwhelmed/confused by early attachment

Question 27

Unresolved Adult Attachment

Answer 27

-Disorganized thinking/speech when discussing traumatic experiences (loss or abuse)

Question 28

Intergenerational Transmissions study

Answer 28

-AAI given to 100 mothers expecting their 1st child -Infant attachment assessed using Strange Situation at 1 yr -Secure AAI=Secure infant attachment (adoptive too)

Question 29

Stability of Attachment

Answer 29

-More stable in low risks and less stable in high risks (stress, conflict)

Question 30

Secure ----> Insecure Attachment Change

Answer 30

-Lower levels in maternal sensitivity -An increase in negative life events

Question 31

Insecure ----> Secure Attachment Change

Answer 31

-Higher level of maternal/parental sensitivity in intervening years

Question 32

Stably Insecure

Answer 32

Less maternal sensitivity consistently across time -Less present fathers -Greater parental depression symptoms

Question 33

Sensitivity interventions

Answer 33

-Most effective are detailed with behavioral feedback (video) -Home visits -Longer interventions aren't always better