Chapter 14 Morality

Question 1

;qWhat are the three components of Morality?

Answer 1

1.) Cognition
2.) Affect
3.) Behavior

Question 2

Conscience

Answer 2

Your inner sense of right and wrong that helps you follow rules and makes you feel guilty when you don’t

Question 3

With Piaget’s Theory, what age range is premoral

Answer 3

Less than 5 years old

Question 4

Heteronomous Morality

Answer 4

-5 to 10 years old
-Rules are handed down by authorities and can’t be changed and there are consequences

Question 5

Immanent Justice

Answer 5

If you break a rule you’ll
be punished one way or another

Question 5

Expiatory Punishment

Answer 5

Punishment that makes up for a wrongdoing

Question 6

What are criticisms of Piaget’s Theory

Answer 6

Underestimating young children, because even preschoolers know the difference between moral judgements and social-conventional judgements

Question 7

Kohlber’s Theory

Answer 7

He was interested in how children’s moral reasoning
-Developed over time
-Went through different stages

Question 7

Autonomous Morality

Answer 7

-11 to 12 years old
-Rules/laws are arbitrary agreements that can be changed/broken
-Intentions are important

Question 8

Moral Judgements

Answer 8

Right vs wrong, fairness

Question 9

Social-conventional judgments

Answer 9

Decisions about everyday rules and customs that help people get along and keep things organized.

Question 10

What were the specific stages from Kohlberg’s Theory?

Answer 10

Discontinuous & hierarchical that advanced thinking in each new stage

Question 11

The Pre-conventional level of Kohlber’s Theory

Answer 11

Self-centered, focusing on getting rewards and avoiding punishment

Question 12

Stage 1 of the Pre-conventional Level

Answer 12

-Punishment and obedience orientation
-Obedience to authority is right
-Child’s actions motivated by avoiding punishment

Question 13

Stage 2 of the Pre-conventional Level

Answer 13

-Instrumental and exchange orientation
-Child’s actions motivated by own best interest
-May involve quid pro quo (equal exchange)

Question 14

The Conventional level of Kohlber’s Theory

Answer 14

Centered on social relationships, focusing on compliance with social duties and laws

Question 15

Stage 3 of the Conventional Level

Answer 15

-Caring about others’ expectations and acting in ways that keep relationships positive.
-Fulfilling roles/expectations of close others is right
-Important to be a “good girl” or “good boy”

Question 16

Stage 4 of the Conventional Level

Answer 16

-Social system and conscience orientation
-Fulfilling one’s duties, upholding laws is right
-Keep social system going, avoid breakdown

Question 17

Stage 5 of the Post-conventional Level

Answer 17

-Social contract or individual rights orientation
-Upholding agreed upon rules in group’s best interests
-Laws can be changed if they don’t benefit all

Question 18

Stage 6 of the Post-conventional Level

Answer 18

-Universal ethical principles
-Commitment to self-chosen ethical principles
-Majority opinion no longer matters (e.g., human rights)

Question 19

What are criticisms of Kohlberg’s Theory

Answer 19

Hard to reach stages
5 & 6 (cultural contexts)
-People can reason at
more than one stage
at a single point in
development

Question 20

Societal Domain

Answer 20

Understanding the rules and customs that help keep society organized and orderly

Question 21

Personal Domain

Answer 21

Individual preferences are the main
consideration (there are no right or wrong choices)

Question 22

What type of judgment is considered in particular domains can vary by ___ ___ ___ and ___

Answer 22

1.) Child age
2.) Culture
3.) Religion
4.) SES