Why study intelligence?
To find out who needed help/struggled in school
-Objective assessment
Three levels of intelligence analysis
1.)One thing-overall smartness
2.)A few things-How good you are at a basic skill set
3.)Many things-How well your brain’s parts work together
General intelligence (Spearman)
-Intelligence is 1 general ability
-One core mental power that helps you do multiple thinking tasks
Fluid Intelligence (Flexible thinking)
-thinking on the spot to solve problems/learn new info
Ex: solving a puzzle you’ve never seen before
Crystallized Intelligence (Collected knowledge)
-Knowledge of the world through experience and education
-Gets stronger the more you learn
Ex:definitions, historical facts, times tables
Primary mental ablilties
Word fluency, verbal meaning, reasoning, spatial visualization, numbering, route memory, perceptual speed
Three-Stratum Theory of Intelligence (Carroll)
Combining all 3 theories from general to specific
1.)General Intelligence (Spearman)
2.)Primary Abilities (Thurstone)
3.)Specific Processes
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (WISC)
-tested for 6 years and older
-overall score and scores on 4 moderate general abilities
-consistent with 3-stratum
-aren’t reliable/valid for children younger than 5
IQ (Inteligence Quotient)
Measures a child’s intelligence in comparison to another child their same age
-Mean=100
-SD=15
3 C’s of IQ
1.)Compare-compare to other peers
2.)Consistent-consistent over time
3.)Correct-correctly predicts outcomes
Longitudinal studies show consistency of IQ scores form 5 and up when…?
-The tests are given closer in time
-The tests are given when children are older
Inconsistent IQ scores occurred when…?
-Changes in environment
-Family factors
-Child’s alertness/mood on test days
IQ scores are strong predictors of…?
-Academic achievements (grades)
-Economic success
-Occupational success
The genome has a…?
Substantial influence on intelligence
Genes and intelligence timeline
As you grow, your DNA has a bigger impact on how smart you become because you create life that fits your abilities
Evocative Effects
A child’s genetic traits EVOKE certain reactions from others (talkative kids get more teacher engagement)
Active Effects
Kids ACTIVELY choose environments that match their interests (niche picking)
Home Observation for Measurement of the Environment (HOME)
A child’s home environment quality plays a big role in how their intelligence develops early on
Aspects of child’s home life for HOME
-Organization/safe living space
-Intellectual stimulation (learning/curiosity opportunities)
-Book access
-Paren-child interactions
-Emotional support
Flynn Effect
Consistent rise in average IQ scores over the past 80 years in many countries
Flynn Effect Increases
-In lower socioeconomic status
-In scores on fluid intelligence related tasks (reasoning/abstract problem solving)
Influence on Society
-More risks, lower average IQ
-Mom didn’t finish HS
-Stressful life events
-Large family size
-Negative mother-child interactions
Project Head Start
Intervention program that focuses on improving success of children in poverty (faded out)
Multiple Intelligences Theory (Gardner)
People possess at least 8 types of intelligence
-Focuses on strengths, small empirical support
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Chapter 634
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Chapter 740
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Chapter 826
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Chapter 934
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Chapter 1041
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Chapter 11 Attachment Part 133
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Chapter 11 Attachment Part 235
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Chapter 12 Parenting and Discipline22
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Chapter 12 Family Development31
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Chapter 13 Peers and Friendship32
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Chapter 14 Morality24
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Chapter 15 Prosocial and Antisocial Behavior26
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Chapter 15 Gender25
