Chapter 15 Gender

Question 1

Sex

Answer 1

The genetic distinction between males and females

Question 2

Gender

Answer 2

Social assignment or self-categorization as female or male

Question 3

Self categorization of gender may match genetic ___ or gender assigned at birth, but many ____ identify with their assigned gender

Answer 3

sex, don’t

Question 4

Gender-typed behavior

Answer 4

Behaviors stereotyped/expected from one’s gender

Question 5

Cross-gender-typed behavior

Answer 5

Behaviors stereotyped/expected from the opposite gender

Question 6

Biological Theories; Evolutionary Psychology Theory

Answer 6

-Males and females have behavioral tendency because they helped their ancestors to survive and pass on genes (but adaptiveness isn’t testable)

Question 7

Biological Theories; Hormones and Brain Function

Answer 7

-Hormone levels influence gender non-conforming behavior
-Effects of hormones are evidence for biological influences on gender development

Question 8

Gender Identity (2-3)

Answer 8

-2 to 3 and a half yo
-label self as boy or girl
-but could be other gender tomorrow or if they dressed like the other gender

Question 9

Gender Stability

Answer 9

-3 and a half to 4 and a half yo
-understands gender as stable over time, but not across situations (dress still matters)

Question 10

Gender Constancy

Answer 10

-4 and a half to 7 yo
-understand gender stability across situations and time

Question 11

Gender Schema

Answer 11

Organized mental representation (concepts, beliefs, and memories) about gender including stereotypes
-happen as soon as children can label gender
-lead to bias gender processing

Question 12

Infants and toddlers appear to have gender “______” before they even self lable

Answer 12

knowledge

Question 13

Process of Gender Development at 2.5 yrs

Answer 13

Children self-label themselves according to gender (boy or girl)

Question 14

Process of Gender Development at 6-9 mo

Answer 14

Infants match male faces with male voices and female faces with female voices

Question 15

Process of Gender Development at 18-24 mo

Answer 15

Toddlers know types of objects and activities associated with male and females

Question 16

Process of Gender Development in Middle School

Answer 16

-Understand that gender is a social category and the words are social conventions
-Aware of sexism and think its unfair
-Might still tease /exclude other children for cross-gender typed play

Question 16

Process of Gender Development at 3-5 yrs

Answer 16

-Gender stereotypes are learned quickly
-Gender-typed play preferences are prominent
-Gender segregation (only talk to same gender peers)

Question 17

Gender-Role Intensification

Answer 17

Heightened concern with following traditional gender roles

Question 18

Gender-Role Flexibility

Answer 18

Recognition of gender roles as a social conventions and the adoption of more flexible interests and attitudes

Question 19

Greater gender-role flexibility from childhood through adolescence more likely among ____ than _____

Answer 19

girls, boys

Question 20

The typical size of gender differences is ____. We are all _____ and are more similar than different!

Answer 20

small, humans

Question 21

What do large meta-analyses suggest?

Answer 21

-Toy preferences
-physical strength
-aggression

Question 22

What do medium meta-analyses suggest?

Answer 22

-Body image
-self disclosure

Question 23

What do small meta-analyses suggest?

Answer 23

-Math achievement
-indirect aggression

Question 24

Peers Parents Teachers Media

Answer 24

-Norms for girls' groups vs boy's groups -Interact differently with boys and girls -Call on boys more than girls and interrupt girls -Women on TV aren't portrayed in a stereotypical way