Chapter 12

Question 1

What are the s/s of hyokalemia?

Answer 1

G.I. problems, nausea and vomiting, distended abdomen, cardiac arrhythmia, soft flabby muscles

Question 2

What is the normal potassium serum range?

Answer 2

3.5 - 5

Question 3

What is the normal magnesium range?

Answer 3

1.5 - 2.5

Question 4

What is the normal sodium serum range?

Answer 4

135 - 145

Question 5

What is the normal calcium range?

Answer 5

8.2 - 10.2

Question 6

What is the normal chloride range?

Answer 6

96 - 106

Question 7

What is the normal phosphorus range?

Answer 7

2.4 - 4.4

Question 8

what are two drugs that can take potassium out of the body?

Answer 8

Lasix/furosemide

Question 9

what are some foods that are high in potassium?

Answer 9

bananas, strawberries, oranges, avocado, spinach

Question 10

how should potassium be given in terms of routing administration?

Answer 10

by mouth or IV (don’t push!)

Question 11

What are some non drug causes of hypokalemia?

Answer 11

Vomiting, diarrhea, hyperaldosteronism, hypomagnesemia

Question 12

What is the preferred treatment for hypokalemia, other than higher dietary intake of potassium?

Answer 12

Oral potassium chloride, IV if severe

Question 13

If hypokalemia isn’t improved, what should be checked on?

Answer 13

Magnesium

Question 14

What kind of diuretic is used to prevent hypokalemia?

Answer 14

K-sparing

Question 15

________ toxicity is worsened by hypokalemia

Answer 15

Digoxin

Question 16

What drugs could be to blame for hypokalemia?

Answer 16

Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics

Question 17

What does the acid-base look like for hypokalemia?

Answer 17

Metabolic alkalosis

Question 18

What is a very common cause of fluid loss?

Answer 18

Furosemide

Question 19

What are some examples of isotonic fluids?

Answer 19

0.9% sodium chloride
lactated ringer’s

Question 20

______ is used in hypotension, shock, trauma and GI losses

Answer 20

Isotonic fluids

Question 21

Diabetes insipidus, Excess sweating, Hypernatremia are all causes of _____ fluid loss

Answer 21

Hypotonic

Question 22

What are some examples of hypotonic fluids?

Answer 22

0.45% sodium chloride
dextrose 5% in water

Question 23

Hypernatremia and cellular dehydration are treated with _____

Answer 23

hypotonic fluids

Question 24

Diuretics, SIADH, and adrenal insufficiency are all causes of _____

Answer 24

hypertonic fluid loss

Question 25

What is an example of a hypertonic solution?

Answer 25

3% sodium chloride

Question 26

What are the only situations that hypertonic solutions are used?

Answer 26

Seizures and severe symptomatic hyponatremia

Question 27

What are the types of crystalloid solutions?

Answer 27

Isotonic, hypertonic and hypotonic

Question 28

Colloids are ______ that contain _____

Answer 28

Plasma expanders proteins

Question 29

Examples of colloids include _________

Answer 29

Dextran 75, Albumin 5%

Question 30

What is the maximum infusion rate for blood?

Answer 30

4 hrs/unit