Extra Pharm Questions Flashcards by Chiamaka Patrick

A patient will be sent home with a metered-dose inhaler, and the nurse is providing teaching.
Which is a correctly written expected outcome for this process?
a. The nurse will demonstrate the correct use of a metered-dose inhaler to the patient.
b. The nurse will teach the patient how to administer medication with a metered-dose
inhaler.
c. The patient will know how to self-administer the medication using the metered-
dose inhaler.
d. The patient will independently administer the medication using the metered-dose
inhaler at the end of the session.

d. The patient will independently administer the medication using the metered-dose
inhaler at the end of the session.

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A high-school student regularly forgets to use a twice-daily inhaled corticosteroid to prevent
asthma flares and is repeatedly admitted to the hospital. The child’s parent tells the nurse that the
child has been told that forgetting to take the medication causes frequent hospitalizations. The
nurse will
a. encourage the child to take responsibility for taking the medication.
b. reinforce the need to take prescribed medications to avoid hospitalizations.
c. suggest putting the inhaler with the child’s toothbrush to use before brushing teeth.
d. suggest that the child’s parents administer the medication to increase compliance.

c. suggest putting the inhaler with the child’s toothbrush to use before brushing teeth.

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The nurse is assisting with a clinical drug trial in which the side effects of two effective drugs are
being compared. A patient who would benefit from either drug has elected to withdraw from the
study, and the nurse assists with the paperwork to facilitate this. This is an example of
a. autonomy.
b. beneficence.
c. justice.
d. veracity.

a. autonomy.

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In a 5-year clinical trial investigating a new cancer treatment, researchers note overwhelming
improvement in almost all of the subjects in the treatment group during the second year of the
trial. It is decided to stop the trial early and report the findings due to the overwhelmingly
beneficial effects. This decision was made based on which ethical principle?
a. Beneficence
b. Justice
c. Respect for persons
d. Veracity

b. Justice

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The nurse is enrolling subjects for a double-blind experimental study. One patient asks the nurse
to explain the role of the experimental group. The nurse will explain that subjects in the
experimental group in this type of study
a. are selected for participation in that group.
b. have unique baseline characteristics.
c. receive a placebo.
d. receive the experimental treatment being evaluated.

d. receive the experimental treatment being evaluated.

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During a clinical drug trial for a new medication, researchers note a previously unknown serious
adverse effect occurring in more than 50% of subjects. The study is discontinued. Which ethical
principle is being exercised?
a. Beneficence
b. Justice
c. Respect for persons
d. Veracity

a. Beneficence

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The nurse is obtaining signatures on consent forms for participation in a clinical drug trial. One
patient says, “I’m not sure I want to do this, but I need the cash.” The nurse will take which
action?
a. Ask the patient to clarify concerns.
b. Reinforce that cash is given to all subjects equally.
c. Report this statement to the lead investigator.
d. Review the elements of the study and obtain consent.

c. Report this statement to the lead investigator.

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Which of the following best describes preclinical in vivo testing?
a. A comparison of experimental and control data in animals.
b. A study conducted in a test tube in a laboratory.
c. A study that determines the effects of the experimental product in human
participants.
d. A study to assess the seriousness of the disease to be treated.

a. A comparison of experimental and control data in animals.

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The nurse is assisting with data collection in a study of drug effects in a small group of healthy
subjects. The nurse assists with blood and urine collection to determine serum drug levels and
the presence of metabolites in urine. Which phase of drug development does this best represent?
a. Phase I
b. Phase II
c. Phase III
d. Phase IV

a. Phase I

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The nurse is enrolling subjects for a clinical drug trial in which subjects will be randomly
assigned to either a treatment or a placebo group. The pills in both groups will be in identical
packaging with identical appearance. The group that receives the intervention is the
a. control group.
b. experimental group.
c. dependent group.
d. independent group.

b. experimental group.

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Respect for persons is a core ethical principle of human subjects research. Which of the
following best describes this principle?
a. Duty to protect research subjects from harm.
b. Fair selection of research subjects.
c. Right to self-determination.
d. Patients are independent and capable of making decisions in their own best interests.

d. Patients are independent and capable of making decisions in their own best interests.

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Before marketing a new drug that has been approved for use based on clinical effectiveness and
safety, the manufacturer wishes to study the potential new uses for the drug. This is an example
of which phase of study?
a. Phase I
b. Phase II
c. Phase III
d. Phase IV

d. Phase IV

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The nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication and wants to ensure a rapid drug action.
Which form of the medication will the nurse prefer to administer?
a. Capsule
b. Enteric-coated pill
c. Liquid suspension
d. Tablet

c. Liquid suspension

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A patient who is newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus asks why insulin must be given
by subcutaneous injection instead of by mouth. The nurse will explain that this is because
a. absorption is diminished by the first-pass effects in the liver.
b. absorption is faster when insulin is given subcutaneously.
c. digestive enzymes in the GI tract break down the drug and prevent absorption.
d. the oral form is less predictable with more adverse effects

c. digestive enzymes in the GI tract break down the drug and prevent absorption.

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The nurse is preparing to administer an oral medication that is water soluble. The nurse
understands that this drug
a. must be taken on an empty stomach.
b. requires active transport for absorption.
c. should be taken with fatty foods.
d. will readily diffuse into the GI tract.

b. requires active transport for absorption.

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The nurse is preparing an injectable drug and wants to administer it via the route that will allow
for the most rapid absorption possible. How will the nurse give this medication (if possible)?
a. IM into the deltoid muscle
b. IM into the gluteal muscle
c. SQ into abdominal tissue
d. SQ into the upper arm

a. IM into the deltoid muscle

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The nurse is reviewing medication information with a nursing student prior to administering an
oral drug and notes that the drug has extensive first-pass effects. Which statement by the student
indicates an understanding of the first-pass effect?
a. “The first-pass effect means the drug has 100% bioavailability.”
b. “The first-pass effect means the drug is absorbed from the GI tract into the portal
vein where it is transported to the liver and metabolized.”
c. “The first-pass effect means the drug was given by injection and immediately
metabolized.”
d. “The first-pass effect means the drug may be unchanged as it passes through the
liver.

b. “The first-pass effect means the drug is absorbed from the GI tract into the portal vein where it is transported to the liver and metabolized.”

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The nurse prepares to change a patient’s medication from an IV to an oral form and notes that the
oral form is ordered in a higher dose. The nurse understands that this is due to differences in
a. bioavailability.
b. pinocytosis.
c. protein binding.
d. tachyphylaxis.

a. bioavailability.

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The nurse is preparing to administer a drug and learns that it is 90% protein bound. The patient’s
serum albumin level is low. The nurse will observe the patient for
a. decreased drug absorption.
b. decreased drug interactions.
c. decreased drug toxicity.
d. increased drug effects.

d. increased drug effects.

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The nurse is administering two drugs to a patient and learns that both drugs are highly protein-
bound. The nurse may expect
a. decreased bioavailability of both drugs.
b. decreased drug effects.
c. decreased drug interactions.
d. increased risk of adverse effects.

d. increased risk of adverse effects.

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A patient has been taking a drug that is 75% protein bound. The provider adds a new medication
that is 90% protein bound. The nurse will expect a potential
a. decreased drug effects of the first drug.
b. decreased therapeutic range of the first drug.
c. increased drug effects of the first drug.
d. increased therapeutic range of the first drug.

c. increased drug effects of the first drug.

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The nurse is caring for a patient who has ingested a large dose of aspirin several hours prior. It is
determined that the patient has overdosed on aspirin. The provider orders sodium bicarbonate to
be given. The nurse understands that this drug is given for which purpose?
a. To counter the toxic effects of the aspirin
b. To decrease the half-life of the aspirin
c. To increase the excretion of the aspirin
d. To neutralize the acid of the aspirin

c. To increase the excretion of the aspirin

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c. increased drug effects of the first drug.

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The nurse administers albuterol to a patient who has asthma. The albuterol acts by stimulating
beta2-adrenergic receptors to cause bronchodilation. The nurse understands that albuterol is a
beta-adrenergic
a. agonist.
b. antagonist.
c. inhibitor.
d. depressant.

a. agonist.

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The nurse is preparing to administer the first dose of digoxin (Lanoxin) to a patient and notes that the initial dose ordered is much higher than the ordered maintenance dose. Which of the following describes why the first dose is higher? a. Digoxin requires a loading dose. b. Digoxin undergoes first-pass metabolism when initially administered. c. Digoxin has a long duration of action. d. Digoxin has a short half-life.

a. Digoxin requires a loading dose.

A patient has been taking a drug for several years and tells the nurse it is no longer working. The nurse learns that the patient has recently begun taking an over-the-counter (OTC) antacid medication. What does the nurse suspect is occurring? a. An adverse drug reaction b. A drug interaction c. Drug incompatibility d. Drug tolerance

b. A drug interaction

The nurse is preparing to administer two IV medications that should not be given using the same IV tubing. The nurse understands that this is because of drug a. adverse reactions. b. incompatibility. c. interactions. d. potentiation.

b. incompatibility.

A patient who takes a drug that undergoes gastric absorption will begin taking an opioid analgesic after sustaining an injury in a motor vehicle accident. The nurse will observe the patient closely for which effects? a. Decreased effects of the first drug b. Increased effects of the first drug c. Decreased effects of the narcotic d. Increased effects of the narcotic

b. Increased effects of the first drug

The nurse is preparing to administer furosemide to a patient who takes digoxin. The nurse will plan to monitor the patient for a. digoxin toxicity. b. decreased digoxin effects. c. furosemide toxicity. d. decreased furosemide effects.

a. digoxin toxicity.

A patient has been taking warfarin (Coumadin), which is highly protein-bound. The patient will begin taking gemfibrozil, which is also highly protein-bound. The nurse will observe the patient closely for a. decreased effects of warfarin. b. increased effects of warfarin. c. decreased effects of gemfibrozil. d. decreased effects of both drugs.

b. increased effects of warfarin.

A patient is taking phenytoin to prevent seizures. The nurse knows that phenytoin is highly protein-bound and has sedating effects. The nurse reviews the patient’s chart and notes a low serum albumin. The nurse will notify the provider and observe the patient for which effects? a. Decreased sedative effects b. Increased sedative effects c. Increased seizures d. No change in effects

b. Increased sedative effects

A patient who takes the anticoagulant warfarin will begin taking the anticonvulsant drug carbamazepine. The nurse reviews the drug information for these drugs and learns that carbamazepine is a hepatic enzyme inducer. The nurse anticipates that which of the following may be required? a. Decrease the dose of carbamazepine. b. Increase the dose of carbamazepine. c. Decrease the dose of warfarin. d. Increase the dose of warfarin.

d. Increase the dose of warfarin.

b. increased effects of warfarin.

The nurse is caring for a patient who receives theophylline, which has a narrow therapeutic index. The patient has been receiving cimetidine but will stop taking that drug in 2 days. In 2 days, the nurse will observe the patient closely for a. decreased effectiveness of theophylline. b. increased effectiveness of theophylline. c. decreased toxicity of theophylline. d. prolonged effectiveness of theophylline.

b. increased effectiveness of theophylline.

A patient asks the nurse about using OTC medications. The nurse will tell the patient that OTC medications a. are not as effective as prescription medications. b. are not as safe as prescription medications. c. have fewer side effects and drug interactions than prescription medications. d. should be included when listing any medications taken by the patien

d. should be included when listing any medications taken by the patient

A patient calls the clinic and tells the nurse that a newly prescribed medication isn’t working. What is the nurse’s next action? a. Notify the provider and discuss increasing the dose. b. Question the patient about compliance with the regimen. c. Review the drug information with the patient. d. Suggest the patient discuss changing medications with the provider.

c. Review the drug information with the patient.

Which patients are at particularly high risk for drug interactions? (Select all that apply.) a. Patients who are acutely ill b. Patients who are taking multiple medications c. Patients who see several specialists d. Patients who take supplements and OTC medications e. Patients who use one pharmacy for several medications

b. Patients who are taking multiple medications c. Patients who see several specialists d. Patients who take supplements and OTC medications

2. A pregnant woman tells the nurse that she is taking ginger to reduce morning sickness. What will the nurse tell this patient? a. “Ginger can cause fetal birth defects.” b. “Ginger is not safe during pregnancy.” c. “Ginger can cause abortion in low doses.” d. “Ginger may be taken for the short-term treatment of nausea associated with pregnancy.

d. “Ginger may be taken for the short-term treatment of nausea associated with pregnancy.

A woman who is experiencing symptoms of heart failure (HF) asks the nurse about using hawthorn. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. “Hawthorn may be used long term in conjunction with nitrates.” b. “Hawthorn may contribute to hypertension.” c. “Hawthorn may interact with antihypertensive drugs.” d. “Hawthorn treats heart failure by lowering potassium levels.”

c. “Hawthorn may interact with antihypertensive drugs.”

The nurse is providing preoperative education to a patient who will have surgery in several weeks. The patient denies taking anticoagulant medications but reports using herbal supplements. Which herb would cause the nurse to be concerned about increased bleeding risk when used with blood thinners? a. Echinacea b. Ginkgo biloba c. Kava d. Sage

b. Ginkgo biloba

1. The nurse is preparing to administer a medication to a 6-month-old infant. The nurse will monitor closely for signs of drug toxicity based on the knowledge that, compared to adults, infants have a. an increased percentage of total body fat. b. immature hepatic and renal function. c. more protein binding sites. d. more rapid and predictable gastrointestinal transit time.

b. immature hepatic and renal function.

The nurse assumes care for an infant who is showing signs of toxicity in response to a drug given several hours prior. The nurse checks the dose and confirms that the dose is consistent with standard dosing guidelines based on body weight. Which characteristic of the drug could explain this response in an infant? a. It is acidic. b. It is highly protein-bound. c. It is not fat-soluble. d. It is water-soluble.

b. It is highly protein-bound.

The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child. The child is taking a drug that has a known therapeutic range in adults, and the nurse checks that the ordered dose is correct and notes that the child’s serum drug level is within normal limits. The child complains of a headache, which is a common sign of toxicity for this drug. Which action will the nurse take prior to administration of the next scheduled dose? a. Administer the drug since the drug levels are normal. b. Attribute the headache to nondrug causes. c. Hold the next dose and contact the provider. d. Request an order for an analgesic medication.

c. Hold the next dose and contact the provider.

An older patient who reports a 2- to 3-year history of upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms will begin taking ranitidine (Zantac) to manage her symptoms. The patient has completed a health history form. The nurse notes that the patient answered “no” when asked if any medications were being taken. Which action will the nurse take next? a. Ask whether the patient uses any over-the-counter (OTC) medications. b. Obtain a careful dietary history for the past two weeks. c. Recommend that the patient take antacid tablets. d. Suggest that the patient add high-potassium foods to her the diet.

a. Ask whether the patient uses any over-the-counter (OTC) medications.

To assist an older, confused patient to adhere to a multidrug regimen, the nurse will provide which recommendation? a. Avoid the use of OTC medications. b. Bring all medications to each clinic visit. c. Review the manufacturer’s information insert about each medication. d. Save money by getting each drug at the pharmacy with the lowest price.

b. Bring all medications to each clinic visit.

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient who is taking warfarin (Coumadin). Which action does the nurse understand is important when caring for this patient? a. Encouraging the patient to rise slowly from a sitting position b. Initiating a fall-risk protocol c. Maintaining strict intake and output measures d. Monitoring blood pressure frequently

b. Initiating a fall-risk protocol

The nurse is performing an admission assessment on an 80-year-old patient who has frequent hospital admissions. The patient appears more disoriented and confused than usual. Which action by the nurse is most appropriate at this time? a. Asking about medications and doses b. Asking for a neurologist consult c. Requesting orders for LFTs d. Suspecting impaired renal function

a. Asking about medications and doses

The nurse is caring for a 78-year-old patient who lives independently. The patient will begin a new drug regimen that requires taking multiple drugs at various times per day. Which intervention is appropriate for the nurse to implement with this patient? a. Ask the patient’s family members to monitor the patient’s drug regimen. b. Develop a log and/or calendar to record the times each drug will be taken. c. Reinforce the need to take the drugs as scheduled. d. Write the medication administration times on each prescription label.

b. Develop a log and/or calendar to record the times each drug will be taken.

The nurse is preparing an 80-year-old patient for discharge home from the hospital. The patient will receive several new medications. The patient lives alone but has several family members who stop by every day. The patient reports problems with manual dexterity and difficulty with childproof medication bottles. Which suggestions will the nurse make for this family? (Select all that apply.) a. Ask the pharmacy for non-childproof medication bottles. b. Ask the patient to record all medications and the times they are taken. c. Consider placing the pills in an organizer container. d. Provide the patient with the drug manufacturer information sheets. e. Put water bottles near pills for convenience.

a. Ask the pharmacy for non-childproof medication bottles. b. Ask the patient to record all medications and the times they are taken. c. Consider placing the pills in an organizer container. e. Put water bottles near pills for convenience.

b. Develop a log and/or calendar to record the times each drug will be taken.

a. Asking about medications and doses

The nurse is teaching a group in the community about substance use disorder. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Cravings always disappear after long periods of abstinence by the person addicted to drugs.” b. “Abuse and dependence are synonymous terms, describing reliance on illicit substances.” c. “Substance use disorder occurs when recurrent use causes clinically and functionally significant impairment.” d. “Excessive caffeine use is a classic example of substance use disorder.

c. “Substance use disorder occurs when recurrent use causes clinically and functionally significant impairment.”

The nurse is caring for a patient under treatment for alcohol intoxication. The nurse notes that the patient’s serum alcohol level is 400 mg/dL. The patient is awake and conversational even though this is a potentially lethal dose. The nurse recognizes this as alcohol a. withdrawal syndrome. b. dependence. c. craving. d. tolerance.

d. tolerance.

What does the nurse understand must occur in order to produce withdrawal syndrome? a. Intoxication b. Craving c. Drug tolerance d. Prolonged or repeated use

d. Prolonged or repeated use

A patient is brought to the emergency department by a family member. The patient reports symptoms of paranoia and believes they are being followed. The patient presents with an elevated body temperature, elevated pulse, and high blood pressure. The nurse suspects that this patient has taken which of the following drugs? a. Alcohol b. Cocaine c. Heroin d. Oxycodone

b. Cocaine

The nurse is teaching a patient who has completed detoxification for alcohol use disorder who will be discharged home with a prescription for disulfiram (Antabuse). Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. “Even use of mouthwash can cause serious adverse effects while I am taking this drug.” b. “If I use this medication, I won’t have to worry about participating in psychotherapy or counseling.” c. “It is safe to take a product containing alcohol one week after the last dose of disulfiram.” d. “This drug acts by blocking the pleasurable effects of alcohol.”

a. “Even use of mouthwash can cause serious adverse effects while I am taking this drug.”

0. A patient with a long history of alcohol use disorder is admitted to the hospital for detoxification. In addition to medications needed to treat withdrawal symptoms, the nurse will anticipate the possible need to give which of the following intramuscularly? a. Dopamine to restore blood pressure b. Fluid boluses to treat dehydration c. Glucose to prevent hypoglycemia d. Thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency

d. Thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency

A patient who is unconscious arrives in the emergency department with clammy skin and constricted pupils. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 8 to 10 breaths per minute. The paramedics report obvious signs of substance use in the patient’s home. The nurse suspects that this patient is likely experiencing an overdose of which substance? a. Alcohol b. LSD c. An opioid d. Methamphetamine

c. An opioid

d. Thiamine to treat nutritional deficiency

Cough and cold products are also used for substance abuse. Which of the following contains the two most commonly misused cough and cold products? a. Dextromethorphan and promethazine-codeine b. Dextromethorphan and phenylephrine c. Promethazine-codeine and phenylephrine d. Dextromethorphan and guaifenesin

a. Dextromethorphan and promethazine-codeine

The nurse is teaching a patient who will be discharged home with naltrexone after treatment for opioid use disorder. What information will the nurse include in the teaching for this patient? a. “This drug will eliminate your cravings.” b. “You may take this drug once weekly.” c. “Naltrexone blocks the pleasurable effects of opioids.” d. “If you discontinue this drug abruptly, you will likely experience withdrawal

c. “Naltrexone blocks the pleasurable effects of opioids.”

1. A patient’s serum osmolality is 305 mOsm/kg. Which term describes this patient’s body fluid osmolality? a. Iso-osmolar b. Hypo-osmolar c. Hyper-osmolar d. Isotonic

c. Hyper-osmolar

A patient is admitted after experiencing vomiting and diarrhea for several days. The provider orders intravenous lactated Ringer’s solution. The nurse understands that this fluid is given for which purpose? a. To increase interstitial and intracellular hydration b. To maintain plasma volume over time c. To pull water from the interstitial space into the extracellular fluid d. To replace water and electrolytes

d. To replace water and electrolytes

A patient is being treated for shock after a motor vehicle accident. The provider orders Dextran 75 to be given intravenously. The nurse should expect which outcome as the result of this infusion? a. Decreased urine output b. Improved blood oxygenation c. Increased interstitial fluid d. Stabilization of heart rate and blood pressure

d. Stabilization of heart rate and blood pressure

The nurse is caring for a patient who weighs 75 kg. The patient has intravenous (IV) fluids infusing at a rate of 50 mL/h and has consumed 100 mL of fluids orally in the past 24 hours. Which action will the nurse take? a. Contact the provider to ask about increasing the IV rate to 100 mL/h. b. Discuss with the provider the need to increase the IV rate to 200 mL/h. c. Encourage the patient to drink more water so the IV can be discontinued. d. Instruct the patient to drink 250 mL of water every 8 hours.

a. Contact the provider to ask about increasing the IV rate to 100 mL/h.

The nurse is caring for a patient who has a heart rate of 98 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 82/58 mm Hg. The patient is lethargic, is complaining of muscle weakness, and has had gastroenteritis for several days. Based on this patient’s vital signs and presentation, which sodium value would the nurse expect? a. 126 mEq/L b. 140 mEq/L c. 145 mEq/L d. 158 mEq/L

a. 126 mEq/L

The nurse is caring for a newly admitted patient who has severe gastroenteritis. The patient’s electrolytes reveal a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L and a serum potassium level of 3.5 mEq/L. The nurse receives an order for intravenous 5% dextrose and normal saline with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride to infuse at 125 mL/h. Which action is necessary prior to administering this fluid? a. Evaluate the patient’s urine output. b. Contact the provider to order arterial blood gases. c. Request an order for an initial potassium bolus. d. Suggest a diet low in sodium and potassium.

a. Evaluate the patient’s urine output.

A patient who is being treated for dehydration is receiving 5% dextrose and 0.45% normal saline with 20 mEq/L potassium chloride at a rate of 125 mL/h. The nurse assuming care for the patient reviews the patient’s serum electrolytes and notes a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L and a serum potassium level of 3.6 mEq/L. The patient had a urine output of 250 mL during the last 12-hour shift. Which action will the nurse take? a. Contact the patient’s provider to discuss increasing the potassium chloride to 40 mEq/L. b. Continue the intravenous fluids as ordered and reassess the patient frequently. c. Notify the provider and discuss increasing the rate of fluids to 200 mL/h. d. Stop the intravenous fluids and notify the provider of the assessment findings.

d. Stop the intravenous fluids and notify the provider of the assessment findings.

A patient has a serum potassium level of 2.7 mEq/L. The patient’s provider has determined that the patient will need 200 mEq of potassium to replace serum losses. How will the nurse caring for this patient expect to administer the potassium? a. As a single-dose 200 mEq oral tablet b. As an intravenous bolus over 15 to 20 minutes c. In an intravenous solution at a maximum rate of 10 mEq/h d. In an intravenous solution at a rate of 45 mEq/h

c. In an intravenous solution at a maximum rate of 10 mEq/h

A patient is taking a loop diuretic and reports anorexia and fatigue. The nurse suspects which electrolyte imbalance in this patient? a. Hypercalcemia b. Hypocalcemia c. Hyperkalemia d. Hypokalemia

d. Hypokalemia

The nurse is caring for a patient whose serum sodium level is 140 mEq/L and serum potassium level is 5.4 mEq/L. The nurse will contact the patient’s provider to discuss an order for a. a low-potassium diet. b. intravenous sodium bicarbonate. c. sodium polystyrene sulfonate (Kayexalate). d. salt substitutes.

a. a low-potassium diet.

The nurse is caring for a newly admitted patient who will receive digoxin to treat a cardiac dysrhythmia. The patient takes hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDIURIL) and reports regular use of over-the-counter laxatives. Before administering the first dose of digoxin, the nurse will review the patient’s electrolytes with careful attention to the levels of which electrolytes? a. Calcium and magnesium b. Sodium and calcium c. Potassium and chloride d. Potassium and magnesium

d. Potassium and magnesium

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving isotonic intravenous (IV) fluids at an infusion rate of 125 mL/h. The nurse performs an assessment and notes a heart rate of 102 beats per minute, a blood pressure of 160/85 mm Hg, and crackles auscultated in both lungs. Which action will the nurse take? a. Decrease the IV fluid rate and notify the provider. b. Increase the IV fluid rate and notify the provider. c. Request an order for a colloidal IV solution. d. Request an order for a hypertonic IV solution

a. Decrease the IV fluid rate and notify the provider.

The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient who is newly admitted to the intensive care unit. The nurse reviews the patient’s admission electrolytes and notes a serum potassium level of 2.9 mEq/L. Which action by the nurse is correct? a. Administer the digoxin and monitor the patient’s electrocardiogram closely. b. Hold the digoxin dose and notify the provider of the patient’s lab values. c. Request an order for an intravenous bolus of potassium. d. Request an order for oral potassium supplements.

b. Hold the digoxin dose and notify the provider of the patient’s lab values.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient brought to the emergency department for treatment for dehydration. The nurse assesses a respiratory rate of 26 breaths/minute, a heart rate of 110 beats/minute, a blood pressure of 86/50 mm Hg, and a temperature of 39.5 C. The patient becomes dizzy when transferred from the wheelchair to a bed. The nurse notes cool, clammy skin. Which diagnosis does the nurse suspect? a. Fluid volume deficit (FVD) b. Fluid volume excess (FVE) c. Mild extracellular fluid (ECF) deficit d. Renal failure

a. Fluid volume deficit (FVD)

A patient is admitted with orthopnea, cough, pulmonary crackles, and peripheral edema. The patient’s urine specific gravity is 1.002. The nurse will expect this patient’s provider to order which treatment? a. Diuretics b. Colloidal IV fluids c. Hypertonic IV fluids d. Hypotonic IV fluids

a. Diuretics

The nurse is caring for a patient who has asthma and administers a selective beta2-adrenergic agonist (albuterol) to treat bronchospasm. The nurse knows this drug can potentially cause which side effect? a. Increased drowsiness b. Decrease blood pressure c. Increased heart rate d. Increased gastrointestinal (GI) motility

c. Increased heart rate

A patient who has asthma requires treatment with a beta blocker to manage his cardiovascular disease. The nurse understands that which drug will be the safest to give this patient? a. Pindolol (Visken) b. Metoprolol (Lopressor) c. Nadolol (Corgard) d. Propranolol (Inderal)

b. Metoprolol (Lopressor)

The nurse administers epinephrine to a patient who is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction. The nurse should expect which of the following? a. Bradycardia b. Decreased urine output c. Hypotension d. Nausea and vomiting

b. Decreased urine output

An adult patient is brought to the emergency department for treatment of an asthma exacerbation. The patient uses inhaled albuterol as needed to control wheezing. The nurse notes expiratory wheezing, tremors, restlessness, and a heart rate of 120 beats per minute. The nurse suspects that the patient has a. overused the albuterol. b. not been using albuterol. c. taken a beta-adrenergic blocker. d. taken a monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitor.

a. overused the albuterol.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving intravenous dopamine (Intropin). The nurse notes erythema and swelling at the IV insertion site. What is the nurse’s initial action? a. Apply warm soaks to the area. b. Monitor the patient closely for hypertension. c. Obtain an order for an electrocardiogram. d. Notify the provider of a need for phentolamine mesylate (Regitine).

d. Notify the provider of a need for phentolamine mesylate (Regitine).

The nurse is teaching a patient how to use phenylephrine HCl (Neo-Synephrine) nasal spray to treat congestion from a viral upper respiratory infection. What instruction will the nurse give the patient? a. Use this product for a maximum of 3 days. b. Spray the medication into the nose while lying supine. c. Use frequently since systemic side effects do not occur. d. Use the medication prophylactically to prevent future nasal congestion during cold season.

a. Use this product for a maximum of 3 days.

A patient will begin taking an albuterol (Proventil) inhaler to treat asthma. The patient has no other chronic medical conditions. When teaching the patient about this drug, the nurse will make which recommendation? a. Report rapid or irregular heart rate. b. Drink 8 to 16 extra ounces of fluid each day. c. Monitor serum glucose daily. d. Take a calcium supplement.

a. Report rapid or irregular heart rate.

The nurse caring for a patient who is taking a non-specific adrenergic agonist will expect which of thefollowing side effects? (Select all that apply.) a. Dilated pupils b. Increased heart rate c. Increase gastrointestinal motility d. Vasodilation e. Bronchospasm

a. Dilated pupils b. Increased heart rate

The nurse is preparing to administer a drug and learns that it is an indirect-acting cholinergic agonist. thenurse understands that this drug a. acts on muscarinic receptors. b. acts on nicotinic receptors. c. inhibits cholinesterase. d. inhibits cholinergic receptors

c. inhibits cholinesterase.

The nurse is preparing to administer theanticholinergic medication benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient who has Parkinson disease. thenurse understands that this drug is used primarily for which purpose? a. To decrease drooling and excessive salivation b. To improve mobility and muscle strength c. To prevent urinary retention d. To suppress tremors and lessen muscle rigidity

d. To suppress tremors and lessen muscle rigidity

A patient who has irritable bowel syndrome would most likely receive which type of drug to treat this condition? a. An anticholinergic b. A cholinergic esterase inhibitor c. A muscarinic agent d. A nicotinic agent

a. An anticholinergic

The nurse is preparing to administer benztropine (Cogentin) to a patient who has Parkinson disease. When performing an assessment, which aspect of thepatient’s history would cause thenurse to hold themedication and notify theprovider? a. Asthma b. Glaucoma c. Irritable bowel syndrome d. Motion sickness

b. Glaucoma

A patient who has Parkinson disease is scheduled to begin treatment with benztropine (Cogentin). thepresence of which of thefollowing would trigger thenurse to contact thephysician to discuss theappropriateness of this agent? a. Drooling b. Muscle rigidity c. Muscle weakness d. Myasthenia gravis

d. Myasthenia gravis

. Cholinergic drugs have specific effects on thebody. Which of thefollowing are actions of cholinergic medications? (Select all that apply.) a. Dilate pupils b. Decrease heart rate c. Stimulate gastric muscle d. Dilate blood vessels e. Dilate bronchioles f. Increase salivation g. Constrict pupils

b. Decrease heart rate c. Stimulate gastric muscle d. Dilate blood vessels f. Increase salivation g. Constrict pupils

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving diphenhydramine. thenurse notes that thepatient has not voided for 12 hours. What action will thenurse take? a. Encourage thepatient to drink more fluids. b. Evaluate thebladder to check for distension. c. Request an order for an intravenous fluid bolus. d. Request an order for urinary catheterization.

b. Evaluate thebladder to check for distension.

A patient who has seasonal allergies with a runny nose during thedaytime reports increasing nighttime symptoms of coughing and sneezing that are interfering with sleep. theprovider recommends diphenhydramine at bedtime. What information will thenurse include when teaching thepatient about this medication? a. “Avoid fluids at bedtime to prevent urinary retention.” b. “This will help clear your daytime symptoms, too.” c. “You should be able to sleep better when you take this medication.” d. “You should take this medication on an empty stomach.

c. “You should be able to sleep better when you take this medication.”

A patient who has a cough will begin taking guaifenesin to help with secretions. When teaching this patient about themedication, thenurse will provide which instruction? a. “Avoid driving or using heavy machinery.” b. “Drink extra water while taking themedication.” c. “Monitor urine output closely.” d. “Take with an oral antihistamine for better effects.”

b. “Drink extra water while taking themedication.”

The nurse is caring for a patient recently diagnosed with mild emphysema and provides teaching about thedisease and medications for treatment. Which statement by thepatient indicates understanding of themedication regimen? a. “I should use albuterol when my symptoms worsen.” b. “I will need to take oral prednisone on a daily basis.” c. “My provider will frequently prescribe prophylactic antibiotics.” d. “My symptoms are reversible with proper medications.”

a. “I should use albuterol when my symptoms worsen.”

A patient will be discharged home with albuterol to use for asthma symptoms. What information will thenurse include when teaching this patient about this medication? a. Failure to respond to themedication indicates a need for a higher dose. b. Monitor for hypoglycemia symptoms when using this medication. c. Palpitations are common with this drug even at normal, therapeutic doses. d. Overuse of this medication can result in tolerance

d. Overuse of this medication can result in tolerance

A patient will begin using ipratropium bromide, albuterol, and an inhaled corticosteroid medication to treat chronic bronchitis. When teaching this patient about disease and medication management, thenurse will instruct thepatient to administer these medications in which order? a. Albuterol, ipratropium bromide, inhaled corticosteroid b. Albuterol, inhaled corticosteroid, ipratropium bromide c. Ipratropium bromide, albuterol, inhaled corticosteroid d. Inhaled corticosteroid, ipratropium bromide, albuterol

a. Albuterol, ipratropium bromide, inhaled corticosteroid

A patient who uses an inhaled corticosteroid reports having a sore tongue. thenurse notes white spots on thepatient’s tongue and oral mucous membranes. After notifying theprovider, thenurse will remind thepatient to perform which action? a. Avoid using a spacer with theinhaled glucocorticoid medication. b. Clean theinhaler with hot, soapy water after each use. c. Consume yogurt daily while using this medication. d. Rinse themouth thoroughly with water after each use.

d. Rinse themouth thoroughly with water after each use.

A patient will begin using an albuterol metered-dose inhaler to treat asthma symptoms. thepatient asks thenurse about thedifference between using an oral form of albuterol and theinhaled form. thenurse will explain that theinhaled form of albuterol a. has a more immediate onset than theoral form. b. may cause more side effects than theoral preparation. c. requires an increased dose in order to have therapeutic effects. d. will not lead to tolerance with increased doses.

a. has a more immediate onset than theoral form.

A patient who has atrial fibrillation is taking digoxin. thenurse expects which medication to be given concurrently to treat this condition? a. Hydrochlorothiazide b. Digoxin-immune Fab c. Milrinone d. Warfarin

d. Warfarin

The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient who has HF. thepatient reports nausea, vomiting, and visual halos around objects. thenurse notes a respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute, a heart rate of 58 beats per minute, and a blood pressure of 120/78 mm Hg. What will thenurse do next? a. Administer thenext dose as ordered since these are mild side effects. b. Hold thedose and notify theprovider of possible digoxin toxicity. c. Reassure thepatient that these are common, self-limiting side effects. d. Request an order for an antiemetic and an analgesic medication.

b. Hold thedose and notify theprovider of possible digoxin toxicity.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking digoxin to treat HF. thepatient’s ECG shows a ventricular dysrhythmia. thenurse will notify theprovider and will anticipate an order for which medication to treat a digoxin-induced ventricular dysrhythmia? a. Digoxin immune Fab b. Furosemide c. Phenytoin d. Potassium

c. Phenytoin

The nurse performs a medication history and learns that thepatient takes a loop diuretic and digoxin. thenurse will question thepatient to ensure that thepatient is also taking which medication? a. Cortisone b. Lidocaine c. Nitroglycerin d. Potassium

d. Potassium

The nurse administers a dose of digoxin to a patient who has HF and returns to theroom later to reassess thepatient. Which finding indicates that themedication is effective? a. Decreased dyspnea b. Decreased urine output c. Increased blood pressure d. Increased heart rate

a. Decreased dyspnea

A patient who has HF receives digoxin and an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor. thepatient will begin taking spironolactone. thepatient asks why thenew drug is necessary. thenurse will tell thepatient that spironolactone will be given for which reason? a. To enhance potassium excretion b. To increase cardiac contractility c. To minimize fluid losses d. To provide cardioprotective effects

d. To provide cardioprotective effects

A patient is diagnosed with heart failure (HF), and theprescriber has ordered digoxin. thepatient asks what lifestyle changes will help in themanagement of this condition. thenurse will recommend which changes? a. Vigorous aerobic exercise and weight lifting 2 or 3 times weekly b. Changing from cigarette smoking to pipe smoking c. Consuming 3 teaspoons or less of salt every day d. Having no more than one alcoholic beverage per day

d. Having no more than one alcoholic beverage per day

A patient who has stable angina pectoris is given sublingual nitroglycerin to use as needed. In addition to pharmacotherapy, thenurse will give thepatient which instruction? a. Avoid extremes in weather. b. Begin a rigorous exercise program. c. Drink red wine daily. d. Call 911 at thefirst sign of pain.

a. Avoid extremes in weather.

The nurse is teaching a patient about theuse of a transdermal nitroglycerin patch. Which statement by thepatient indicates understanding of theteaching? a. “I will apply thepatch as needed when I experience anginal pain.” b. “I will remove theold patch and replace it with a new one at bedtime each day.” c. “I should rotate sites when changing thepatch to prevent skin irritation.” d. “When I am symptom-free, I may stop using thepatch on a regular basis.”

c. “I should rotate sites when changing thepatch to prevent skin irritation.”

The nurse is teaching a patient about sublingual nitroglycerin administration. What information will thenurse include when teaching this patient? a. Call 911 if pain does not improve after three doses. b. A second dose of nitroglycerin should be given regardless of symptom resolution. c. Swallow thetablet with small sips of water. d. Take thefirst tablet while sitting or lying down.

d. Take thefirst tablet while sitting or lying down.

A patient who just started using transdermal nitroglycerin reports having headaches. thenurse will counsel thepatient to perform which action? a. Call 911 when this occurs. b. Notify theprovider. c. Reapply thepatch three times daily. d. Take acetaminophen as needed.

d. Take acetaminophen as needed.

A patient is ordered to receive a nitrate to relieve stable angina. What side effect(s) will thenurse anticipate in a patient receiving this medication? a. Nausea and vomiting b. Increased blood pressure c. Pruritus and skin rash d. Headache

d. Headache

A patient asks thenurse why nitroglycerin is given sublingually. thenurse will explain that nitroglycerin is administered by this route for which reason? a. To avoid hypotension b. To increase therate of absorption c. To minimize gastrointestinal upset d. To prevent hepatotoxicity

b. To increase therate of absorption

A patient who has been taking nitroglycerin for angina has developed variant angina, and theprovider has added verapamil to thepatient’s regimen. thenurse will explain that verapamil is given for which purpose? a. To facilitate oxygen use by theheart b. To improve renal perfusion c. To increase cardiac contractility d. To relax coronary arteries

d. To relax coronary arteries

The nurse is preparing to administer digoxin to a patient who has a serum digoxin level of 2.5 ng/mL. thepatient takes 0.25 mg of digoxin per day. What action will thenurse take? a. Administer thenext dose as ordered. b. Do not administer thedigoxin and notify theprovider of toxic digoxin levels. c. Request an order to decrease thedigoxin dose. d. Suggest that thepatient may need an increased digoxin dose.

b. Do not administer thedigoxin and notify theprovider of toxic digoxin levels.

A patient has HF and has been taking digoxin for 9 years. thepatient is admitted with signs and symptoms of digoxin toxicity. Which signs and symptoms are associated with digoxin toxicity? (Select all that apply.) a. Dysuria b. Vomiting c. Tachycardia d. Yellow haloes in thevisual field e. Diarrhea f. Insomnia

B, D, E

1. The nurse is preparing to administer thefirst dose of hydrochlorothiazide 50 mg to a patient who has a blood pressure of 160/95 mm Hg. thenurse notes that thepatient had a urine output of 200 mL in thepast 12 hours. thenurse will perform which action? a. Administer themedication as ordered. b. Encourage thepatient to drink more fluids. c. Hold themedication and request an order for serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine. d. Request an order for serum electrolytes and administer themedication.

c. Hold themedication and request an order for serum BUN (blood urea nitrogen) and creatinine.

The nurse is preparing to administer doses of hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin to a patient who has heart failure. thepatient reports having blurred vision. thenurse notes a heart rate of 60 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 140/78 mm Hg. Which action will thenurse take? a. Administer themedications and request an order for serum electrolytes. b. Give both medications and evaluate serum blood glucose frequently. c. Hold thedigoxin and notify theprovider. d. Hold thehydrochlorothiazide and notify theprovider.

c. Hold thedigoxin and notify theprovider.

The nurse is teaching a patient about taking hydrochlorothiazide. Which statement by thepatient indicates a need for further teaching? a. “I may need extra sodium and calcium while taking this drug.” b. “I should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables while taking this medication.” c. “I should take care when rising from a bed or chair when I’m starting this medication.” d. “I will take themedication in themorning to minimize certain side effects.”

a. “I may need extra sodium and calcium while taking this drug.”

The nurse is caring for a patient who is to begin receiving a thiazide diuretic to help manage heart failure. When performing a health history on this patient, thenurse will be concerned about a history of which condition? a. Asthma b. Glaucoma c. Gout d. Hypertension

c. Gout

A patient has begun taking spironolactone in addition to a thiazide diuretic. With theaddition of thespironolactone, thenurse will counsel this patient to do which of thefollowing? a. Continue taking a potassium supplement daily. b. Recognize that abdominal cramping is a transient side effect. c. Report decreased urine output to theprovider. d. Take these medications at bedtime.

c. Report decreased urine output to theprovider.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is taking hydrochlorothiazide and digoxin. Which potential electrolyte imbalance will thenurse monitor for in this patient? a. Hypermagnesemia b. Hypernatremia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypokalemia

d. Hypokalemia

. A patient has been taking spironolactone to treat heart failure. thenurse will monitor for which of thefollowing electrolyte abnormalities? a. Hyperkalemia b. Hypermagnesemia c. Hypocalcemia d. Hypoglycemia

a. Hyperkalemia

The nurse is caring for an African-American patient who has been taking a beta blocker to treat hypertension for several weeks with only slight improvement in blood pressure. thenurse will contact theprovider to discuss which of thefollowing? a. Adding a diuretic medication b. Changing to an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor c. Decreasing thebeta blocker dose d. Doubling the beta blocker dose

a. Adding a diuretic medication

The nurse is preparing to care for a Native American patient who has hypertension. The nurse understands that which antihypertensive medication would be most effective in this patient? a. Acebutolol b. Captopril c. Carteolol d. Metoprolol

b. Captopril

The nurse is caring for an 80-year-old patient who has just started a thiazide diuretic to treat hypertension. What is an important aspect of care for this patient? a. Encouraging increased fluid intake b. Increasing activity and exercise c. Initiating a fall risk protocol d. Providing a low potassium diet

c. Initiating a fall risk protocol

The nurse is performing an assessment on a patient who will begin taking propranolol to treat hypertension. The nurse learns that the patient has a history of asthma and diabetes. The nurse will take which action? a. Administer the medication and monitor the patient’s serum glucose. b. Contact the provider to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication. c. Request an order for renal function tests prior to administering this drug. d. Teach the patient about the risks of combining herbal medications with this drug

b. Contact the provider to discuss another type of antihypertensive medication.

The nurse is admitting a patient who has been taking minoxidil to treat resistant hypertension. Prior to beginning therapy with this medication, the patient had a blood pressure of 170/95 mm Hg and a heart rate of 72 beats per minute. The nurse assesses the patient and notes a blood pressure of 130/72 mm Hg and a heart rate of 78 beats per minute, and also notes a 2.2-kg weight gain since the previous hospitalization and edema of the hands and feet. The nurse will contact the provider to discuss which intervention? a. Adding hydrochlorothiazide to help increase urine output b. Adding metoprolol (Lopressor) to help decrease the heart rate c. Increasing the dose of minoxidil to lower the blood pressure d. Restricting fluids to help with weight reduction

a. Adding hydrochlorothiazide to help increase urine output

A patient who has recently begun taking captopril to treat hypertension calls a clinic to report a persistent cough that started right after starting the captopril. The nurse will perform which action? a. Instruct the patient to go to an emergency department because this is a hypersensitivity reaction. b. Reassure the patient that this side effect is nothing to worry about and will diminish over time. c. Schedule an appointment with the provider to evaluate the cough and discuss changing to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB). d. Tell the patient to stop taking the drug immediately since this is a serious side effect of this drug.

Schedule an appointment with the provider to evaluate the cough and discuss changing to an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB).

The nurse is preparing to administer an ACE inhibitor to a patient who has hypertension. The patient started the ACE inhibitor the day prior. The nurse notes peripheral edema and swelling of the patient’s lips. The patient has a blood pressure of 160/80 mm Hg and a heart rate of 76 beats per minute. What is the nurse’s next action? a. Administer the dose and observe carefully for hypotension. b. Hold the dose and notify the provider of a hypersensitivity reaction. c. Notify the provider and request an order for a diuretic medication. d. Request an order for serum electrolytes and renal function tests.

b. Hold the dose and notify the provider of a hypersensitivity reaction.

The nurse teaches a patient about their antihypertensive medication. Which statements by the patient indicate understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. “I should be careful when I stand up from a chair when I start this medication.” b. “I should not add extra salt to my foods.” c. “If I have side effects, I should stop taking the drug immediately.” d. “If my blood pressure returns to normal, I can stop taking this drug.” e. “I may need to take a combination of drugs, including diuretics.” f. “I will not need to make lifestyle changes since I am taking a medication.”

a. “I should be careful when I stand up from a chair when I start this medication.” b. “I should not add extra salt to my foods.” e. “I may need to take a combination of drugs, including diuretics.”

The nurse is caring for a postoperative patient. The nurse will anticipate administering which medication to this patient to help prevent thrombus formation caused by slow venous blood flow? a. Alteplase b. Aspirin c. Clopidogrel d. Low-molecular-weight heparin

d. Low-molecular-weight heparin

A nursing student asks why the anticoagulant heparin is given to patients who have disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and are at risk for excessive bleeding. The nurse will explain that heparin is used in this case for which reason? a. To decrease the risk of venous thrombosis b. To dissolve blood clots as they form c. To enhance the formation of fibrous clots d. To preserve platelet function

a. To decrease the risk of venous thrombosis

A patient has been receiving intravenous heparin. When laboratory tests are drawn, the nurse has difficulty stopping bleeding at the puncture site. The patient has bloody stools and is reporting abdominal pain. The nurse notes elevated partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and activated PPT (aPTT). Which action will the nurse perform? a. Ask for an order for oral warfarin (Coumadin). b. Obtain an order for protamine sulfate. c. Request an order for vitamin K. d. Suggest that the patient receive subcutaneous heparin

b. Obtain an order for protamine sulfate.

A patient who has received heparin after previous surgeries will be given enoxaparin sodium after knee-replacement surgery. The patient asks how this drug is different from heparin. The nurse will explain that the benefit of enoxaparin over heparin is that it a. decreases the need for laboratory tests. b. has a shorter half-life than heparin. c. increases the risk of hemorrhage. d. may be taken orally instead of subcutaneously.

a. decreases the need for laboratory tests.

The nurse is caring for a patient who is receiving warfarin and notes bruising and petechiae on the patient’s extremities. The nurse will request an order for which laboratory test? a. International normalized ratio (INR) b. Platelet level c. PTT and aPTT d. Vitamin K level

a. International normalized ratio (INR)

A patient who is taking warfarin has an international normalized ratio (INR) of 5.5. The nurse will anticipate giving which of the following? a. Fresh frozen plasma b. Intravenous iron c. Oral vitamin K d. Protamine sulfate

c. Oral vitamin K

The nurse is teaching a patient who will begin taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. “I should eat plenty of green, leafy vegetables while taking this drug.” b. “I should take a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) instead of acetaminophen for pain or fever.” c. “I will take cimetidine to prevent gastric irritation and bleeding.” d. “I will tell my dentist that I am taking this medication.

d. “I will tell my dentist that I am taking this medication.

The nurse is assessing a patient who takes warfarin. The nurse notes a heart rate of 92 beats per minute and a blood pressure of 88/78 mm Hg. To evaluate the reason for these vital signs, the nurse will assess which of the following? a. Gums, nose, and skin b. Lung sounds and respiratory effort c. Skin turgor and oral mucous membranes d. Urine output and level of consciousness

a. Gums, nose, and skin

A female patient has a serum lipid panel performed, which reveals a total cholesterol of 285 mg/dL, triglycerides of 188 mg/dL, a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of 175 mg/dL, and a high- density lipoprotein (HDL) of 40 mg/dL. The patient’s blood pressure is 138/72 mm Hg. The patient is currently not receiving any prescription medications. Which of the following would be the most appropriate medication to be started at this time? a. Ezetimibe b. Colestipol c. Fenofibrate d. Atorvastatin

d. Atorvastatin

A patient has a serum cholesterol level of 270 mg/dL. The patient asks the nurse what this level means. Which response by the nurse is correct? a. “Your cholesterol places you at high risk for coronary artery disease.” b. “Your cholesterol places you at moderate risk for coronary artery disease.” c. “You have a low risk for coronary artery disease.” d. “You have no risk for coronary artery disease.”

a. “Your cholesterol places you at high risk for coronary artery disease.”

6. A patient begins taking nicotinic acid and reports dizziness and flushing of the skin. The nurse will perform which action? a. Recommend that the patient take a baby aspirin with their niacin dose. b. Counsel the patient to increase fluid intake. c. Request an order for renal function tests. d. Schedule the medication to be taken with meals.

a. Recommend that the patient take a baby aspirin with their niacin dose.

A patient has been taking atorvastatin for several months to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient reports severe muscle weakness and tenderness. The nurse will counsel the patient to do which of the following? a. Ask the provider about switching to simvastatin. b. Contact the provider to report these symptoms. c. Start taking ibuprofen to combat these effects. d. Stop taking the medication immediately.

b. Contact the provider to report these symptoms.

The nurse provides teaching to a patient who will begin taking simvastatin to treat hyperlipidemia. Which statement by the patient indicates understanding of the teaching? a. “I may have diarrhea as a result of taking this medication.” b. “I may stop taking this medication when my lipid levels are normal.” c. “I will need an annual eye examination while taking this medication.” d. “I will increase my intake of vitamins A, D, and E while taking this medication.

c. “I will need an annual eye examination while taking this medication.”

A patient will begin taking simvastatin to decrease serum cholesterol. When teaching the patient about this medication, the nurse will counsel the patient to take which action? a. Return to the clinic annually for laboratory testing. b. Take care when rising from a sitting to standing position. c. Take the medication in the evening for best effect. d. Use ibuprofen as needed for severe muscle aches and pain.

c. Take the medication in the evening for best effect.

11. A patient will begin taking rosuvastatin to treat hyperlipidemia. The patient asks the nurse how to take the medication for best effect. Which statement by the nurse is correct? a. “Increase your fluid intake while taking this medication.” b. “Stop taking the medication immediately if you develop muscle aches.” c. “Take the medication with food to improve absorption.” d. “You may increase dietary fat while taking this medication.”

Increase your fluid intake while taking this medication.”

A patient with high cholesterol is ordered to take atorvastatin. What information will be included in the patient teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Dietary management is not a priority with this medication. b. The medication should be taken on an empty stomach. c. The medicine should be taken with a full glass of water. d. The patient should watch for body aches or gastrointestinal upset as side effects. e. The patient should have renal function tests frequently. f. The patient should have periodic liver function testing.

c. The medicine should be taken with a full glass of water. d. The patient should watch for body aches or gastrointestinal upset as side effects. f. The patient should have periodic liver function testing.

Extra Pharm Questions Flashcards

(145 cards)