Chapter 15

Question 1

What is albuterol?

Answer 1

A short acting bronchodilator/no catecholamine/synthetic B2 - adrenergic agonist, commonly used to treat asthma and COPD

Question 2

What are the side effects of albuterol?

Answer 2

The common symptoms include:
Shakiness or tremors (especially hands)
Nervousness or jitteriness
Increased heart rate (tachycardia)
Headache
Dizziness
Throat irritation
Cough
Muscle cramps

Severe symptoms include
Chest pain
Irregular heartbeat (arrhythmia)
Significant increase in blood pressure
Severe dizziness or fainting
Low potassium levels (hypokalemia) — more likely with frequent/high doses
Paradoxical bronchospasm

Question 3

______ can be used for hypotension, cardiogenic shock, septic shock and symptomatic bradycardia in some cases

Answer 3

IV dopamine

Question 4

What are some important guidelines for IV dopamine?

Answer 4

Never given as push, should be a continuous IV medication
Central line is preferred

Question 5

What needs to be continuously monitored when giving IV dopamine?

Answer 5

ECG monitoring should be done
blood pressure
urinary output

Question 6

What are some adverse effects of IV dopamine?

Answer 6

Tachycardia

Dysrhythmias

Chest pain

Hypertension

Headache

Nausea

Decreased peripheral perfusion (cool, mottled extremities)

Question 7

What is something very dangerous that can happen when giving IV dopamine and what would the nurse do if this occurs?

Answer 7

Extravastation/tissue necrosis
Phentolamine mesylate

Question 8

What is phenylephrine hydrochloride, and what does it cause?

Answer 8

Its a pure a1-adernergic agonist that causes vasionconstriction

Question 9

Hypotension (especially in anesthesia/ICU settings), Septic or vasodilatory shock, Nasal decongestant (topical form), Mydriasis (ophthalmic use) are all treated with _______

Answer 9

phenylephrine hydrochloride

Question 10

What needs to be monitored when a patient is on phenylephrine hydrochloride?

Answer 10

blood pressure, pulse (could cause bradycardia), perfusion, cardiac monitoring

Question 11

Hypertension

Reflex bradycardia

Decreased cardiac output (due to increased afterload)

Tissue ischemia

Headache

Anxiety are all adverse effects of ______

Answer 11

phenylephrine hydrochloride

Question 12

In the scenario of tissue necrosis/extravasation risk due to phenylephrine hydrochloride, what can be an antidote for this?

Answer 12

Phentolamine mesylate

Question 13

Patients on phenylephrine hydrochloride have risk of rebound _________

Answer 13

Rebound hypotension
bradycardia

Question 14

Non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonists stimulate both ___ and _____receptors.

Answer 14

alpha and beta

Question 15

What are some examples of non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonist?

Answer 15

epinephrine, norepinephrine, isoproterenol

Question 16

What body parts are effected by non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonist?

Answer 16

heart, vessels, lungs, and metabolism.

Question 17

What heart problems do non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonists cause?

Answer 17

tachycardia, palpitations, hypertension, dysrhythmias, angina, increased myocardial oxygen demand

Question 18

What is something that non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonists could be used for in the respiratory system?

Answer 18

Bronchodilation

Question 19

Hyperglycemia, hypokalemia and vasoconstriction are all possible side effects of ________

Answer 19

non-specific (nonselective) adrenergic agonists

Question 20

What kind of receptors do indirect-acting cholinergic agonists/acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors stimulate?

Answer 20

Nicotinic and muscarinic

Question 21

What do indirect-acting cholinergic agonists inhibit, prevent the breakdown of an increase the concentration of (where)?

Answer 21

acetylcholinesterase
synaptic cleft

Question 22

What are the types of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors?

Answer 22

reversible and irreversible

Question 23

Neostigmine, Physostigmine, Pyridostigmine, Donepezil are _____

Answer 23

reversible

Question 24

Malathion and Parathion are _______

Answer 24

irreversible

Question 25

Organophosphate poisoning may occur with indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, which can be treated with _____

Answer 25

Atropine Pralidoxime

Question 26

What kind of drugs (class) are used for parkinsonism?

Answer 26

Selected anticholinergics

Question 27

What kid of specific drugs are used for parkinsonism?

Answer 27

Benztropine Trihexyphenidyl HCl

Question 28

Benztropine reduces _____

Answer 28

involuntary movement, tremors and muscle rigidity

Question 29

What are some weird side effects of Benztropine?

Answer 29

photophobia, occular hypertension