1
Q
what is abnormal behaviour
A
- strange within person’s culture?
- causing personal distress?
- maladaptive?
- danger to self or others?
- legally responsible for own acts?
2
Q
what are the 5 perspective on causes of abnormal behaviour
A
- biological
- psychodynamic
- learning
- cognitive
- humanistic
3
Q
what is the biological perspective on the cause of abnormal behaviour
A
- biochemical abnormality in the brain, genetic inheritance or infection
4
Q
what is the psychodynamic perspective on the cause of abnormal behaviour
A
- early childhood experiences, unresolved conflict, imbalance of id, ego and superego
5
Q
what is the learning perspective on the cause of abnormal behaviour
A
- abnormal thoughts, feelings and behaviours with failure learn appropriate responses
6
Q
what is the cognitive perspective on the cause of abnormal behaviour
A
- negative thinking patterns
7
Q
what is the humanistic perspective on the cause of abnormal behaviour
A
- blocking the normal tendency toward self-actualization
8
Q
what is the DSM-5
A
- DSM-5 = diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders
- enables professionals to speak some language when diagnosing, treating, researching, conversing about variety of psychological disorders
- describes 300 mental disorders
9
Q
what is neurosis
A
- obsolete term
- personal distress, impairment in functioning, no loss of contact with reality or violation of social norms
10
Q
what is psychosis
A
- loss of contact with reality, delusions, hallucinations, impaired ability to function
11
Q
what is anxiety
A
- vague, general uneasiness, feeling something bad about to happen
- anxiety disorders + obsessive compulsive + related disorder = most common category of mental disorders in canada
- affect 12 percent of canadians
12
Q
what is generalized anxiety disorder
A
- diagnosis if excessive anxiety and worry difficult to control
- symptoms: trembling, palpitations, sweating, dizziness, nausea, diarrhea, frequent urination
- many more women than men affected
13
Q
what are panic attacks
A
- attacks of overwhelming anxiety, fear, terror
14
Q
what is panic disorder
A
- diagnosed with recurring panic attacks
- genetic factors play a role
15
Q
what are phobias
A
- persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of object, situation, activity
- release their fear is irrational
16
Q
what is agoraphobia
A
- intense fear in situations where immediate escape is not possible or no help
17
Q
what is social anxiety disorder
A
- irrational fear of social or performance situations if might embarrass, humiliate self in front of others
- one third only speaking in public
- higher incidence of drug use
18
Q
what is specific phobia
A
- phobias other than agoraphobia and social anxiety disorder
- frequency: situational; fear of natural environment; animals; blood-injection-injury phobia
- fear is not a phobia unless great distress or interferes with life in a major way
19
Q
what can cause phobias
A
- genetic predisposition
- conditioning
- observational learning
20
Q
what is obsessive compulsive disorder
A
- recurrent obsessions, compulsions
21
Q
what is obsession
A
- persistent, recurring, involuntary thoughts, images, impulses, cause great distress
22
Q
what are compulsions
A
- compelled to repeat certain acts over and over or perform specific rituals repeatedly
23
Q
what can cause OCD
A
- early autoimmune system diseases, strep infections, changes in the brain from infections
- twin studies suggest genetics
- genes affecting serotonin functioning suspected
24
Q
what are somatic symptom disorders
A
- bodily symptoms not explained by known medical conditions
25
what is illness anxiety disorder
- overly concerned about health
| - fear that bodily symptoms are sign of serious disease
26
what is conversion disorder
- loss of motor or sensory functioning in some part of the body
- no physical cause
- solves a psychological problem
- la belle indifference
27
what are dissociative disorders
- dissociated from identity and memories of important personal events
- mental escape from intolerable circumstances
28
what are the 2 types of dissociative disorders
- dissociative amnesia
| - dissociative identity disorder ("multiple personality")
29
what is dissociative amnesia
- complete or partial loss of ability to recall personal information or identify pat experiences
- not from forgetfulness or substance use
- psychological cause
30
what is dissociative identity disorder
- 2 or more distinct, unique personalities in the same individual
- host personality has executive control over body most times
- alter personalities may differ radically even in gender, age, sexual orientation
- trauma as cause, way to cope
31
what is schizophrenia
- most serious of the psychological disorders
- affects one person in 100
- begins in adolescence and early adulthood
- social disruption and misery for sufferers and their families
32
what are positive symptoms of schizophrenia
- hallucinations: imaginary sensations
- delusions: false beliefs not shared by others in the culture
- delusions or grandeur: believe they are a famous person
- delusions of persecution: false belief that others will cause harm
- thought disturbances
- grossly disorganized behaviour
- inappropriate affect: facial expressions, tone of voice, gestures not reflecting emotion expected
33
what are negative symptoms of schizophrenia
- loss or deficiency in normal thoughts and behaviours
- flat affect: no usual emotional response; robotic
- those with negative symptoms have the poorest outcomes
34
what causes schizophrenia
- brain abnormalities
- low activity levels from in frontal lobes
- defects in neural circuitry
- reduced volume of hippocampus, amygdala, thalamus, front lobe grey matter
- abnormal lateralization of brain functions
35
what are the 4 types of schizophrenia
- catatonic: display complete stillness/stupor (physically frozen)
- disorganized: social withdrawal, hallucinations, delusions, inappropriate laughter, mannerisms
- paranoid: suffering delusions of grandeur
- undifferentiated: catch-all of symptoms that don't fall in other categories
36
what can cause the development of schizophrenia
- genetic inheritance plus highly stressful environmental conditions
- excessive dopamine activity and/or other neurotransmitters (glutamate, GABA)
- gender: more men than women have schizophrenia
37
what is depressive bipolar disorder
- moods or emotions that are extreme or unwarranted
- depressive episodes
- manic episodes
- or both depressive and manic episodes
38
what is major depressive disorder
- overwhelming sadness, despair, hopelessness, no pleasure
- psychotic depression = delusions, hallucinations
- persistent depressive disorder (dysthmia) = milder but chronic
39
what is seasonal affective disorder
- depression triggered by seasons, light deficiency
40
what is bipolar disorder
- manic episodes and depression, with normal periods in between
41
what is a manic episode
- excessive euphoria, inflated self-esteem, wild optimism, hyperactivity
42
what are biological causes of bipolar
- genetic inheritance, brain chemistry
| - norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine
43
what are cognitive causes of bipolar
- depression from distortions in thinking
44
what are personality disorders
- enduring pattern of inner experience and behaviour deviating from cultural expectations
- indelible; onset in adolescence or early adulthood; stable
- leads to distress or impairment
45
what are the 3 'clusters' of personality disorders
- cluster A: odd behaviour. paranoid, schizoid, schizotypal
- cluster B: erratic, overly dramatic behaviour. narcissistic histrionic, borderline, antisocial
- cluster C: avoidant, fearful behaviours. obsessive-compulsive, avoidant, dependent
46
what are sexual dysfunctions
- persistent or recurrent problems causing marked distress and interpersonal difficulty
- male erectile disorder = inability to have or sustain erection for coitus
- female organismic disorder = inability to reach orgasm
47
what is paraphilia
- recurrent sexual urges, fantasies, behaviours involving children, other non-consenting partners, nonhuman objects, or the suffering, humiliation of the individual or partner
48
what is gender dysphoria
- difficulties accepting one's identity as a male or female
| - genetic influence
Social Science
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