chapter 3

Question 1

diffusion

Answer 1

Net movement of solutions from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration in solution
Results from the constant random motion of atoms molecules or ions in solution.
Particles move from both low to high concentration with the greater chance of moving high to low concentration.

Question 2

Concentration gradient

Answer 2

Concentration difference between two points. Salute moved down their concentration gradient until equilibrium is established but we still continue to move once established.

Question 3

Diffusion of salt and a beaker of water steps

Answer 3

A salt crystal is placed in a beaker of water. A concentration difference exists between the salt crystal and the water surrounding it.
Salt ions moving randomly spread through the beaker of water.
Eventually the salt ion will become evenly distributed through the water.

Question 4

Factors affecting the rate of diffusion

Answer 4

The magnitude of the concentration gradient the steeper of gradient the faster diffusion occurs.
The temperature of the solution the higher the temperature the greater the kinetic energy and the faster diffusion occur.
The viscosity of these solvents

Question 5

osmosis

Answer 5

Diffusion of water across a selectively permittable membrane. Water moves from an area of low concentration to high concentration of salute

Question 6

aguaporins

Answer 6

Water channel proteins

Question 7

osmotic pressure

Answer 7

Force required to prevent water from moving across a membrane by osmosis

Question 8

osmotic pressure steps

Answer 8

by placing the solution in a tube that is closed Add one end by a selectively permittable membrane and immersing in distilled water.
Water molecules move by osmosis through the membrane into the tube forcing the solution to move up the tube this creates a hydrostatic pressure that opposes the osmosis forcing water back out on the tube.
At equilibrium the level in the tube stops changing because the hydrostatic pressure is equal to the osmotic pressure.

Question 9

isosmotic

Answer 9

Solutions with the same concentrations of salute particles equal osmotic pressures

Question 10

hyperosmotic

Answer 10

Solution with a greater concentration of solution which is a greater osmotic pressure.

Question 11

hypoosmotic

Answer 11

Solution with a less concentration of salutes it is a less osmotic pressure

Question 12

facilitated diffusion

Answer 12

Mediated transport process carried out the carrier or channel proteins ATP not required.
Move large water soluble molecules or electrically charged molecules across the plasma membrane.

Question 13

facilitated diffusion steps

Answer 13

A glucose molecule enters a carrier protein from the extracellular fluid the glucose bonds to the carrier protein.
The carrier protein changes shape and releases the glucose molecule into the cell. The carrier protein then requires its original shape to transport additional glucose molecules.

Question 14

active transport

Answer 14

ATP is used to move from lower concentration to higher concentration

Question 15

secondary active transport

Answer 15

Use of potential energy and concentration gradients of one substance to help move another substance.

Question 16

vesicular transport

Answer 16

Movement of the larger substance by formation of release of a vesicle requires ATP

Question 17

vesicular transport types

Answer 17

endocytosis: movement into cell
phagocytosis: eating cell (digesting)
Pinocytosis: cell drinking small, dissolved molecules
exocytosis: inside cell

Question 18

endocytosis steps

Answer 18

Specific molecules in the extracellular fluid bind to the receptors in the plasma membrane.
The receptors and the bond molecules are taking into the cells as a vesicle begins to form.
The vesicle fuses and separates from the plasma membrane.

Question 19

exocytosis

Answer 19

Would deny cell secretions accumulate within vesicles to move to the plasma membrane.
The vesicle membrane fuses with the plasma membrane.
The contents are expelled from the cell into the extracellular fluid.