chapter 4 part 1

Question 1

biopsy 1

Answer 1

Removal of tissues for diagnostic purposes

Question 2

autopsy 1

Answer 2

Examination of organs or dead body to determine cause of death

Question 3

Embryonic germ layers 1

Answer 3

Form early and embryonic development and give rise to all tissues of the body

Question 4

endoderm 1

Answer 4

inner layer
Forms a lining of digestive tract and derivatives

Question 5

mesoderm 1

Answer 5

middle layer
Forms tissue such as muscle, bone and blood vessels

Question 6

ectoderm 1

Answer 6

outer layer
Forms skin and neuroectoderm (which forms nervous system, skin pigment cells, adrenal gland and face tissues)

Question 7

Epithelial tissue 1

Answer 7

Mostly composed of cells; very little extracellular matrix
* Covers body surfaces and forms glands.
* Outside surface of the body.
* Lining of digestive, respiratory and urogenital systems.
* Heart and blood vessels.
* Linings of many body cavities.
* Has distinct tissue surfaces.
* Free (apical), basal, and lateral surfaces.
* Basement membrane – connects the basal layer to underlying tissue
* Cells connect to surrounding cells and extracellular matrix

Question 8

basement membrane 1

Answer 8

Consists of two layers – basal lamina and reticular lamina
* Basal lamina consists of lamina lucida and lamina densa
* Made of extracellular material secreted by the
epithelial cells
* Supports and guides cells migration during tissue repair
*to allows movement of materials to and from the epithelial cells above

Question 9

functions of epithelial tissue

Answer 9

• Protecting underlying structures; For example, epithelium lining the mouth.
• Acting as a barrier; skin.
• Permitting the passage of substances; nephrons in kidney.
• Secreting substances; For example, mucous glands.
• Absorbing substances; For example, lining of small intestine

Question 10

simple

Answer 10

Classifications based on number of cell layers.
* Simple- one layer of cells. Each extends from basement membrane to the free surface.

Question 11

stratified

Answer 11

Classifications based on number of cell layers.
* Stratified- more than one layer. Shape of cells of the apical layer used to name the tissue.

Question 12

pseudostratified columnar

Answer 12

Classifications based on number of cell layers.
* Pseudostratified columnar- tissue appears to be stratified, but all cells contact basement membrane, so it is in fact simple.

Question 13

transitional

Answer 13

Classifications based on number of cell layers.
* Transitional- special type stratified cell shape changes from cuboidal/columnar to squamous-like when stretched.

Question 14

squamous

Answer 14

Classifications based on cell shape.
* Squamous- flat, scalelike.

Question 15

cuboidal

Answer 15

Classifications based on cell shape.
* Cuboidal- about equal in height and width.

Question 16

columnar

Answer 16

Classifications based on cell shape.
* Columnar- taller than wide.

Question 17

SIMPLE SQUAMOUS EPITHELIUM

Answer 17

Single layer of flat, hexagonal cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat
Function: Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction
Location: Lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the
lungs, kidney tubules, membranes of
body cavities