chapter 3 part 4

Question 1

DNA replication steps

Answer 1

• Copy D N A in preparation for mitosis
• D N A strands separate.
• The old strands become the templates for the new
  (complementary) strands to form.
• Two identical D N A molecules are formed.
• DNA synthesis catalyzed by D N A polymerase.
• Leading versus lagging strands.
• All cells (except sex cells) have diploid number of
  chromosomes.
• Sex cells have haploid number.

Question 2

Second part of cell division: mitosis and its parts

Answer 2

• Prophase – chromatin condenses, centrioles migrate to each pole.
• Metaphase – chromosomes are aligned at the nuclear equator.
• Anaphase – spindles separate the chromatids that move to
  opposite poles, cytokinesis begins.
• Telophase – chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms,
  cytokinesis continues.

Question 3

third part of cell division: Cytokinesis

Answer 3

cytoplasmic division, separate process from mitosis.

Question 4

apoptosis

Answer 4

• Programmed cell death to maintain normal cell numbers, removal of excess tissue,
  removal of damaged or potentially dangerous cells, virus infected cells, potential cancer
  cells.
• Regulated by specific genes that produce proteins that initiate cell changes that lead to
  cell death.
• Macrophages will ingest the cell fragments.

Question 5

marker protein

Answer 5

cellular identification