1
Q
traits must have genetic basis and be passed on to offspring
A
inheritance
2
Q
Different traits present give some individuals a higher chance to leave offspring
A
Differences in Survival and Reproduction
3
Q
________ must be present in the population
A
Genetic Variation
4
Q
living things composed cells (multicellular organisms)
A
organisms
5
Q
a group of organisms so similar to one another that they can breed and produce fertile offspring
A
species
6
Q
groups of individuals of the same species that live in the same area
A
population
7
Q
Groups different populations that live together in a defined area
A
community
8
Q
the “father” of evolution
A
Charles Darwin
9
Q
Evolution was first defined by
A
Lamarck
10
Q
Giraffe seeks food, and stretches its neck to acquire the leaves an example of
A
Lamarckism #1
11
Q
Continual stretching results in longer neck. longer neck is passed on to offspring is an example of
A
Lamarckism #2
12
Q
____ was the naturalist aboard the H.M.S. Beagle
A
Darwin
13
Q
Variation within offspring
A
natural selection
14
Q
the variation provides an advantage to one of the offspring. the others will not pass on their genes
A
selective advantage
15
Q
________ the “driver” evolution of evolution
A
natural selection
16
Q
organism inherit their _______ from their parents
A
characteristic
17
Q
3 principles of natural selection
A
genetic traits inherited by offspring
differences in survival and reproduction
variation in the population
18
Q
Darwin had one hang up, evolution taking a significantly ______ time
A
long
19
Q
studies of the ________ have yielded much support for the theory of natural selection
A
Galapagos finches
20
Q
______ is the process
______ is the outcome
A
natural selection
evolution
21
Q
Resistance to antibiotics _____ through survival of individuals that are immune to the effects of the antibiotic
A
increases
22
Q
offspring of those antibiotic resistant bacteria inherit the ______, creating a new population of resistant bacteria
A
resistance
23
Q
The ______ reconciles Darwin’s work with modern genetics
A
Modern Synthesis
24
Q
_______ offers a lens to understand evolving populations
A
Population genetics
25
Population genetics studies the ________ within a population - the gene pool
frequencies of alleles
26
frequencies are described as _______ and so add to 100%
percentages
27
T/F: if one allele increases in frequency, one or more must decrease in frequency
True
28
simply a change in the gene frequency of a population
evolution
29
Evolution is a genetic phenomena of ________ not individuals
populations
30
4 mechanisms that drive evolution
1. mutation
2. genetic drift
3. natural selection
4. gene flow
31
natural selection is ________
directional
32
The ultimate source of variation (a change in the DNA sequence)
mutation
33
changes due to a random chance
genetic drift
34
genetic drift can cause alleles to randomly achieve ______
fixation
35
genetic drift is base duplication upon the mating pool within a population - ______ mating pools will lead to allele fixation at a faster rate
smaller
36
chance events, not differences in fitness has a greater impact on smaller populations
genetic drift
37
genetic drift is ______ during population bottleneck effects
exaggerated
38
a drastic reduction of the breeding population
population bottleneck
39
the founder effect is another type of bottleneck event
genetic drift
40
migration of alleles between populations
gene flow
41
_______ to reproduction are relative to the species in consideration
barriers
42
________ is a special type of natural selective pressure identified by Darwin
sexual selection
43
In terms of SEXUAL SELECTION effects are tended to be found on ______ members of the species
male
44
6 evidences of evolution (DFAEBMb)
Documenting changes
Fossils
Anatomy
Embryology
Biogeography
Molecular biology
45
The theory of Evolution by _________ has multitude of support
Natural selection
46
Darwin also spent extensive time at home in England working on _______ breeding experiments
pigeon
47
The _____ record show tremendous support for the process of evolution
fossil
48
_______ show the progression or evolution of a given species
transition fossils
49
the evolution of the horse on the north american continent illustrates _________
natural selection
50
comparative anatomist have observed many ________ structures
homologous
51
Comparative ______ and ______ offer extensive support of evolution
anatomist ; embryologist
52
_______ are those that certain species have but do not use (pelvic bones in snakes, wings in flightless birds, tails in humans)
vestigal structures
53
_______ distributions illustrate divergent evolution in isolation
Biogeographic
54
embryologist identify structures that exhibit relatedness between species that are only present during ________
development
55
During the distant past our planet looked very different starting with ______ ending with continents we know today
Pangea
56
we have also observed ______ evolution due to ______
divergent ; isolation
57
T/F: Molecular biology provides some of the most inarguable support for evolution
True
58
_______ sequencing has led to an increased understanding of evolution
Genome
59
Similarities between organism are now supported by shared _____ sequences
DNA
60
molecular biology also showed that _____ duplication is an avenue for the evolutionary process
gene
61
a group of actual or potentially interbreeding individuals
species
62
when a group within a species separates from other members of its species
speciation
63
______ isolation occurs before the fertilization
prezygotic
64
_______ isolation occurs after fertilization
postzygotic
65
______ speciation occurs with organisms in different environments
allopatric
66
a population moves to a new region or environment
dispersal
67
a natural phenomena separates two populations
vicariance
68
______ speciation occurs with organism in the environment
sympatric
69
_______ competition can result in the sympatric speciation
intra-species
70
T/F: speciation can follow four basic paths
false ; two
71
the world is abounding with a wonderous _______ of life
diversity
72
a 18th century naturalist, develop the formula for taxonomic organization of life
Carl Linnaeus
73
Linnaeus developed a ________ of inclusivity and exclusivity
hierarchical system
74
In common practice we use a _______ to identify organisms
binomial nomenclature
75
What are the domain classifications of life? (remember acronym)
Domain
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
76
A ________ tree is another way to attempt to understand the relatedness of species
phylogenetic
77
phylogenetic trees are based on shared _____
characteristics
78
a diagram showing the evolutionary relationship among biology species based on similarities and differences in genetic or physical traits or both
phylogenetic tree
79
______ phylogenetic trees have a single stem
rooted
80
_______ also represent evolutionary change
branch points
81
the most reliable phylogenies are based on both shared _______ and ______ data
characteristics ; molecular
82
a group of organism that consists of a common ancestor and all of its descendants
clade
83
________ infers that the most simple explanation is likely the most accurate
parisomy
84
microbial mats form _______ structures that are preserved in the fossil record
stromatolite
85
earths atmosphere 3 billion years ago as _____ (lacking oxygen)
anoxic
86
______ have evolved means of gaining genetic diversity
prokaryotes
87
is the act of a prokaryote pick gin up and using DNA found in the environment
transformation
88
is the transfer of genetic material by a viral vector-bacteriophages
transduction
89
is the closest prokaryotes come to sexual reproduction
conjugation
90
2 domains of prokaryotes
bacteria ; archae
91
bacteria have a cell wall made of ______
peptidoglycan
92
archae has a cell wall made of __________
S-layer proteins
93
may have evolved immediately after the origin of life on earth
ancient bacteria
94
________ bacteria are responsible for many pandemics throughout history
pathogenic
95
________ are widely over-used and are losing their efficacy
antibiotics
96
overuse and misuse of antibiotics serves as a _________ of antibiotic resistant bacteria
selection pressure
97
________ are also responsible for our food borne diseases
bacteria
98
_______ in USA is a form of food borne disease derived from bacteria
food poisoning
99
T/F: Prokaryotes are not all bad
True
100
2 billion years ago we see the emergence _______ marked with the increase of atmospheric O2
cyanobacteria
101
______ are responsible for enriching the atmosphere with oxygen enabling the spread of aerobic respiration
cyanobacteria
102
some bacteria change N2 from atmosphere into forms that other organisms can use, NH3, NO3 (fix nitrogen)
nitrogen fixation
103
the "junk drawer" of life
protista
104
T/F: there is little to no amount of diversity amongst the Protista
false ; enormous
105
T/F: protista represents the most complex unicellular life
true
106
______ take advantage of both asexual and sexual reproduction strategies
protists
107
protista plasmodium ; destroys red blood cells
malaria
108
can severely impact potato crops if not treated
potato blight
109
________ species are responsible for causing the disease malaria and 1 million deaths yearly
plasmodium
110
T/F: plasmodium must infect both mosquitoes and humans to complete its life cycle
true
111
_________ was responsible for the great 19th century potato famine of Ireland
phytophthora infestans
112
_____ represent a diverse group of organisms closer to animals than plants
fungi
113
_____ cells have unique structures and life history strategies
fungal
114
fungi were once considered closely related to plants yet they are _______
heterotrophic
115
some fungi have even evolved complex "hunting behavior" - ________
predation
116
T/F: All fungi are fun, all species are non-pathogenic to plants and animals
false
117
fungi are represented by several unique ________
phyla
bio
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