GI 1

Question 1

GI tract: purpose

Answer 1

• food digestion

- absorption of nutrients and water

Question 2

Primary disorders of the GI tract are related to:

Answer 2

• damage from gastric acid secretion

- abn food movement through GI tract

Question 3

Components of GI tract

Answer 3

• mouth
• esophagus
• stomach
• small intestine
• large intestine

Question 4

Components of large intestine

Answer 4

• colon
• rectum
• anus

Question 5

This can function completely independently from the CNS and is known as the “brain in the bowel”

Answer 5

enteric nervous system

Question 6

Why is the enteric nervous system the focus of a lot of research?

Answer 6

There are as many neurons in the small intestine as the spinal cord

Question 7

Gut and immunity

Answer 7

gut contains 70-80% of the body’s immune cells

Question 8

Intestinal layers: inside to outside

Answer 8

• mucosa
• submucosa
• muscularis
• serosa or adventitia

Question 9

How many esophageal sphincters?

Answer 9

2

Question 10

What are the esophageal sphincters

Answer 10

• upper

- lower

Question 11

The lower esophageal sphincter is sometimes called the ______ sphincter

Answer 11

cardiac

Question 12

Voluntary control of esophageal sphincters

Answer 12

Have control over upper, but not lower

Question 13

What are the gastric secretions?

Answer 13

• acid
• enzymes (pepsin)
• mucus
• hormones (gastrin)

Question 14

This helps to activate pepsin

Answer 14

hydrochloric acid

Question 15

What does acid inactivate?

Answer 15

ingested microorganisms (bacteria)

Question 16

What are enzymes (pepsin) responsible for

Answer 16

Largely responsible for stomach’s ability to initiate digestion of PROTEINS

Question 17

What does mucus do?

Answer 17

• coats and lubricates the gastric surface

- very abundant

Question 18

Hormones (gastrin): What does this do?

Answer 18

• assists with gastric mobility

- also further stimulates acid and pepsin secretion

Question 19

Where is gastrin secreted?

Answer 19

lower part of the stomach

Question 20

What are the 3 phases of gastric secretions?

Answer 20

• cephalic
• gastric
• intestinal