GI 5

Question 1

What causes an abscess?

Answer 1

any inflammation or infection can infiltrate and cause an abscess

Question 2

What is the most common cause of abscess?

Answer 2

staph infection

Question 3

What are the manifestations of a psoas abscess?

Answer 3

• fever with fluctuating pattern
• night sweats
• abd pain
• loss of appetite or GI upset
• back, pelvic, abd, hip, and/or knee pain
• antalgic gait
• palpable, tender mass

Question 4

psoas abscess: antalgic gait due to

Answer 4

reflexive spasm

Question 5

This test may reveal an abscess

Answer 5

iliopsoas MMT

Question 6

What is a hernia?

Answer 6

weakness of the abd wall through which part of the bowel pushes

Question 7

What are hernias caused by?

Answer 7

• weakness in peritoneal cavity

- congenital or acquired weakness of abd musculature

Question 8

Most common types of hernias?

Answer 8

• inguinal (direct or indirect)
• femoral
• umbilical
• incisional

Question 9

Hiatal hernia aka

Answer 9

diaphragmatic

Question 10

When does a hiatal hernia occur?

Answer 10

• lower esophageal (cardiac) sphincter becomes enlarged

- allows stomach to pass through diaphragm into the thoracic cavity

Question 11

Causes of hiatal hernias?

Answer 11

• congenital

- acquired

Question 12

congenital hiatal hernia

Answer 12

• failure of formation OR

- fusion of multiple developmental components of the diaphragm

Question 13

hiatal hernia: prevalence

Answer 13

• very common
• incidence increases with age
• affects up to 60% of people over 60

Question 14

Causes of increased intraabdominal pressure

Answer 14

• lifting
• straining
• bending over
• prolonged sitting/standing
• chronic or forceful cough
• vigorous exercise
• pregnancy
• ascites
• obesity
• CHF
• low-fiber diet
• constipation
• delayed BM

Question 15

What is appendicitis?

Answer 15

inflammation of vermiform appendix

Question 16

Who commonly gets appendicitis?

Answer 16

• adolescents

- young adults

Question 17

Why does appendicitis usu require surgery?

Answer 17

• may rupture, leading to peritonitis

- could lead to psoas abscess

Question 18

These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (omit female specific ones)

Answer 18

• Crohn’s dz
• perforated duodenal ulcer
• gallbladder attack
• R sided kidney infection

Question 19

These conditions are commonly mistaken for appendicitis (female specific)

Answer 19

• ruptured ectopic pregnancy

- hemorrhaging ovarian follicle

Question 20

most important sign of appendicitis

Answer 20

PAIN

• periumbilical
• epigastric
• RLQ/flank
• R thigh/groin

Question 21

Aside from pain, what are the other s/s of appendicitis?

Answer 21

• abd involuntary mm guarding and rigidity
• (+) McBurney’s point and/or pinch an inch test
• rebound tenderness
• N/V
• low grade fever
• coated tongue and bad breath