Kidney 4

Question 1

What is the concept of clearance?

Answer 1

Determines how much of a substance can be cleared from the body by the kidneys per given unit of time

Question 2

How is clearance rate via glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated?

Answer 2

By comparine blood creatinine to urine creatinine

Question 3

How to interpret clearance rate via GFR

Answer 3

• should eliminate 100% of creatinine, so amt in blood should equal amt in urine
• GFR can also be estimated by some formulas

Question 4

BUN =

Answer 4

Blood urea nitrogen

Question 5

What is BUN?

Answer 5

Reflects glomerular filtration and urineurine-concentrating capacity

Question 6

Blood and urea

Answer 6

Urea is filtered in glomerulus, so it shouldn’t be present in blood

Question 7

When will BUN levels rise?

Answer 7

• If glomerular filtration drops

- dehydration and renal failure

Question 8

Urinalysis evaluates:

Answer 8

• color
• protein
• pH
• sediment
• etc

Question 9

Ureters

Answer 9

• carry urine formed by nephron from collecting ducts to bladder via peristalsis
• closed off during bladder contraction during urination to prevent reflux

Question 10

Bladder muscle

Answer 10

• smooth muscle fibers form the detrusor muscle

- lined with transitional epithelium

Question 11

Urethra

Answer 11

From inferior bladder to outside body

Question 12

Internal urinary or internal urethral sphincter

Answer 12

Bladder junction controlled by ANS

Question 13

External urinary or external urethral sphincter

Answer 13

Voluntary control of urination

Question 14

prostate gland

Answer 14

• surrounds proximal urethra just distal to bladder

Question 15

Main function of prostate gland

Answer 15

secrete prostate fluid, which is a component of semen