Lecture 11

Question 1

What are some reasons as to why soluble mediators are important in the acute inflammation?

Answer 1

1. they act as switches the will turn inflammatory responses on an off 2. messengers- they are able to control actions of the cell 3. stimulate pain

Question 2

What are the three different origins of soluble mediators?

Answer 2

CELLULAR: - preformed mediators in secretory granules - newly synthesised granules PLASMA: - contributes to the blood

Question 3

Fill out the blanks on the diagram below:

Answer 3

Question 4

What are the four main systems that are activated by the Hageman factor?

Answer 4

1. Kinin cascade
2. Clotting system
3. Fibrinolytic system.
4. Complement system

Question 5

What is the main link between the coagulation system and inflammation?

Answer 5

Thrombin

Question 6

What is the function of bradykinin within the kinin cascade?

Answer 6

1. Increases vascular permeability
2. Contraction of smooth muscle
3. Dilation of blood vessels
4. Pain

Question 7

What is the function of fibrin within the clotting cascade?

Answer 7

1. Increases wbc adhesion
2. Scaffold for wbc
3. “glue” to trap foreign agents
4. fibroblast proliferation
5. collagen production

Question 8

What is the function of fibrin degradation products?

Answer 8

1. Increased vascular permeability
2. Increased leukocytes in exudates
3. Increased chemotaxis (esp. neutrophils)

Question 9

Breifly describe the major products that are produced within the complement cascade an the effect of them:

Answer 9

1. C3B goes to C5a and C3a
2. C5a and C3a cause inflammation
3. C3b leads to phagocytosis

Question 10

What is the effect of the cell derived mediator histamine and serotonin?

Answer 10

1. Arteriolar vasodilation
2. Extravascular small muscle contraction
3. Increased permeability
4. Pain
5. Chemoattractant for eosinophils (histamine)

Question 11

When is histamine released by mast cells?

Answer 11

1. Physical injury
2. Immune reactions
3. Fragments of complement proteins
4. Histamine releasing proteins.
5. Neuropeptides
6. Cytokines

Question 12

What is the inhibitory of effect of steroid drugs?

Answer 12

Inhibit phospholipases

Question 13

What is the effect of non-steroidal drugs?

Answer 13

Inhibits Cyclooxygenase

Question 14

What is the effect of lipoxins?

Answer 14

1. inhibit leukocyte recruitement, neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil adhesion
2. negative regulators of LT’s

Question 15

What is the effect of resolvins?

Answer 15

1. Inhibit leukocyte recruitement
2. Inhibit leukocyte activation

Question 16

What are the major actions of cytokins?

Answer 16

• Endothelial activation
• Leukocyte activation
• Fibroblast recruitment
• Priming of neutrophils
• Differentiation of lymphocyte subsets