Lecture 12

Question 1

What are the possible outcomes of an acute inflammation response?

Answer 1

1. Complete resolution
2. Healing via fibrosis
3. Progression to acute inflammation
4. Excessive tissue damage (pathology)

Question 2

What is acute inflammation of the skin called?

Answer 2

Dermatitis

Question 3

What is acute inflammation of the pancreas called?

Answer 3

Pancreatitis

Question 4

What is acute inflammation of the stomach called?

Answer 4

Gastritis

Question 5

For the image below:

a. Name the condition

b.

1. Name the tissue type
2. Name the condition (blood in tissue)
3. Name the cell type
4. Name the condition

Answer 5

a. Actopic dermatitis (Eczema)

b.

1. Epidermis
2. Haemorrhage
3. Neutrophils
4. Odema (spongiosus)

Question 6

State what the mechanism behind atopic dermatitis is and breifly describe it:

Answer 6

The mechanism is Type 1 Hypersensitivity. Invovles the binding of IgE proteins to the mast cell then responding to the allergen and degranulating.

Question 7

Below is a diseased stomach.

a. Name the condition

b.

1. Describe the haemmorage
2. Describe the condition lot’s of blood
3. Name the cells that are infilitrating the site

Answer 7

a. Acute gastritis

b.

1. Petechia
2. Hyperaemia (notice it is a very vibrant red and not a dark one)
3. Neutrophils

Question 8

Below is a normal stomach- name parts:

1. Part of small intestine
2. Opening
3. The part of the stomach
4. Layer of wall
5. Name
6. Gland

Answer 8

1. Duodenum
2. Pyloris
3. Gastric antrum
4. Gastric mucosa
5. Mucous lined pits
6. Parietal glands

Question 9

a. Name the condition shown on the right

b.

1. Name of the organ
2. Where secretions from this organ flow into
3. Part of the pancreas
4. Structure that produces insulin
5. Condition name
6. The condition name

Answer 9

a. Acute pancreatisis

b.

1. Pancreas
2. Duodenum
3. Exocrine Pancreas
4. Islets of Langerhans
5. Haemorrhagic necrosis
6. Haemorrage

Question 10

Define the term transudate:

Answer 10

Non-inflammatory increase in interstitual fluid (ISF)

Question 11

Define the term “modified transudate”:

Answer 11

A transudate that is high in protein but low in cells (e.g. congestive heart failure)

Question 12

What is meant by the term Oedema?

Answer 12

Non-inflammatory increase in interstitiual fluid (ie. transudate)

Question 13

What is meant by the term exudate?

Answer 13

Inflammatory increase in interstitual fluid

Question 14

What is meant by the term effusion?

Answer 14

Exudate into the body cavity (e.g. peritonial, pericardial, pleural)

Question 15

a. ) Name the type of exudate below
b. ) What is it’s function

Answer 15

a. ) Serous Exudate/Effusion
b. ) Functions to dilute the pathogen and facilitates cell migration

Question 16

a. ) Name the type of effusion shown below
b. ) Name the components of the effusion
c. ) What could cause this condition in the lungs

Answer 16

a. Sero-sanguineous exudate/effusion
b. The components = serous fluid + blood
c. In the lungs this is often the result of primary or metastatic pleural tumours

Question 17

a. Name the type of exudate/effusion shown below
b. What is the cause of this?
c. What types of conditions cause this?

Answer 17

a. Fibrinous exudates/ effusions
b. Much extensive vascular leakage and clotting. There is an increase in extravascular fibrinogen
c. Characteristic of infectious inflamation of body cavities

Question 18

a. Name the type of exudate/effusion shown below
b. What type of infection will cause this?

Answer 18

a. Sero-fibrinous exudate/effusion
b. A feline viral infection e.g. Feline Coronavirus

Question 19

a. Name the type of edudate that is shown below
b. What is the composition of the exudate that is shown below?
c. What was the likely cause of the exudate that is shown below?

Answer 19

a. Purulent Exudates/Effusions
b. dead and dying neutrophils and necrotic tissue debris
c. bacterial infection

Question 20

a. What is the name of the effusion/exudate that is shown below?
b. Compare the colour of the effusion to a sero-anginous effusion
c. What would cause the type of effusion that is shown below?

Answer 20

a. Haemorrhagic exudate/effusion is shown below
b. Dark red in comparison to a sero-sanguinous effusion
c. Inflammation associated with extesnive damage to blood vessels

Question 21

What is an abscess and what is the cause of one?

Answer 21

Localised purulent infection caused by the seeding to pyogenic bacteria into a small space. For example the inhalation of bacteria (bronchopneumonia).

Question 22

What is ulceration? What is the cause?

Answer 22

Full thickness loss of mucosal surface or epidermis. Caused by the inflammation and shedding of necrotic tissue.