Lecture 13

Question 1

GLU receptors are (ionotropic/metabotropic)

Answer 1

Ionotropic

Question 2

The 3 GLU subtype receptors are:

Answer 2

1. AMPA
2. NMDA
3. Kainate

Question 3

GLU subtype receptors are (inhibitory/excitatory)

Answer 3

excitatory

Question 4

It takes ___ subunits to create a GLU channel.

Answer 4

4

Question 5

There are ____ sub-unit gene families for GLU receptors. The names are:

Answer 5

3. GRIA, GRIN, GRIK

Question 6

Each subunit gene family (GRIN/GRIA/GRIK) contains ___ to ____ genes.

Answer 6

4 to 7

Question 7

All subunits bind ligand (GLU) so __ ligands per tetramer.

Answer 7

4 ligands per tetramer

Question 8

T/F:

GLU subunit ligands are different from nACh, GABA, and glycine.

Answer 8

TRUE

Question 9

Unlike nACh receptors, GLU receptor subunits have __ full transmembrane domains and __ partial transmembrane (M2)

Answer 9

3 ; 1

Question 10

(AMPA/NMDA) receptors are permeable to Na+ and K+ ions but NOT Ca2+

Answer 10

AMPA

Question 11

AMPA activation causes _____ ion entry for depolarization.

Answer 11

Na+

Question 12

AMPA receptors coexist with _____ receptors at synapses.

Answer 12

NMDA

Question 13

(AMPA/NMDA) receptors are permeable to Na+, K+ and Ca2+

Answer 13

NMDA

Question 14

NMDA are (chemically/electrically) dependent

Answer 14

ELECTRICALLY

Question 15

NMDA receptors are blocked by the ____ ion at _____mV.

Answer 15

Mg2+ ; -65mV (resting)

Question 16

AMPA channels help NMDA open using a ______ ion to depolarize the neuron (-30mV), opening the ______ ion channel and allowing NMDAs to open.

Answer 16

Uses Ca2+ to depolarize the neuron to -30mV, opening the Mg2+ ion channel, helping NMDAs to open.

Question 17

NMDA using Ca2+ allows for important _____ and ______ formation.

Answer 17

learning and memory formation

Question 18

NMDA receptors are ____ and ____ dependent!

Answer 18

Ligand and voltage dependent

Question 19

GABA(A) receptors are (metabo/iono)tropic.

Answer 19

ionotropic

Question 20

GABA(B) receptors are (metabo/iono)tropic.

Answer 20

metabotropic

Question 21

GABA(A) receptors are (pentamers/tetramers)

Answer 21

PENTAMERS (5)

Question 22

GABA receptors form the ____- ion channel?

Answer 22

Cl-

Question 23

Name the two drugs which modify ionotropic GABA receptors.

Answer 23

benzodiazepines and barbituates

Question 24

Name the two substances which modify ionotropic GABA receptors.

Answer 24

Drugs and alcohol

Question 25

Ionotropic glycine receptors have a ligand gated ___- channel and it ____ inhibitory action with the spinal cord and brainstem.

Answer 25

ligand gated Cl- channels and mediates inhibitory action in spinal cord and brainstem

Question 26

The five common themes for ligand gated ionotropic receptors are as follows: 1. multiple ______ based on differences in gene expression 2. there is a distinct __________ 3. contains ____ transmembrane domains 4. Ligand binds to a with ____, ____ and ____ receptors but all units with _____ subtypes. 5. nACH, Gly, GABA(A) are ______, GLU are ______

Answer 26

1. multiple subtypes based on differences in geen expression 2. there is a distinct pharmacology 3. contains four transmembrane domains 4. ligands bind to (a) subunit for nACh, GABA and Gly receptors but on all units for GLU subtypes 5. pentamer ; tetramers

Question 27

With Metabotropic receptors, there are _____ transmembrane motif proteins called GPCRs.

Answer 27

seven transmembrane motifs

Question 28

T/F: Muscarinic, metabotropic and GABA(B) receptors have ionotropic receptors.

Answer 28

TRUEEEE!

Question 29

Define seven steps in the basic operation of G proteins:

Answer 29

1. G binds to GDP 2. GDP exchangd for GTP 3. G protein splits 4. G(A) and G(B) available to activate proteins 5. G(A) removes GTP phosphate 6. converts GTP to GDP 7. G(A) terminated

Question 30

Can activated GCPRs directly affect ion channels?

Answer 30

Generally, no. Only case: M2 receptor (ACh) activates parasympathetic (rest and digest) and inhibits K+.

Question 31

What two factors can GCPR's affect and why?

Answer 31

1. 2nd messenger path 2. different effects on receptors (due to different G(A) proteins)

Question 32

Give one example how a GCPR can effect receptors?

Answer 32

(Beta) NE binds to B receptor, activates Gs and Ac. Makes cAMP, activates kinase to phosphorylate/inactivate K+ flow.

Question 33

An excitatory signal increases _____ ____, being part of the (para/sympa)thetic nervous system.

Answer 33

heart rate ; sympathetic

Question 34

GCPRs are (inhibitory/excitatory/both)

Answer 34

BOTH! Based on receptor and G-protein type

Question 35

How do GCPR's inhibit adenylyl cyclase? (aka inhibit sympathetic act. - inhib presyn. NE release)

Answer 35

NE can't bind to a receptor and activate G

Question 36

mGLU receptors which signal through Gq are _____ ; those than signal through Gi are _____

Answer 36

excitatory ; inhibitory

Question 37

The main advantage of GCPRs are ______ amplification.

Answer 37

signal amplification

Question 38

Describe Signal amplification in GCPR

Answer 38

When one receptor is activated, there are hundreds of cAMP molecules and PKA then activated. Waves of chains of metabolic activity within the cell.

Question 39

The effects of GCPRs and metabotropic receptors may be more ____ than ionotropic receptor responses. Why?

Answer 39

prolonged. Ionotropic are fast, therefore signal ends fairly quick.

Question 40

The NMDA receptor is the gateway to _____ _____.

Answer 40

synaptic plasticity

Question 41

The GABA(A) (a/b/g/d/e) subunit type binds to GABA.

Answer 41

a