Lymphatic System

Question 1

What does the lymphatic system do?

Answer 1

-return tissue fluid to the circulation
-filter potentially damaging material
-production of antibodies and lymphocyte maturation - for the defence of the body
-transport digested fat from the intestine to the liver/storage sites around the body

Question 2

Components of the lymphatic system

Answer 2

• capillaries, lymph vessels and ducts
  -lymph nodes
  -spleen
  -thymus
  -tonsils
  -gut associated lymph tissue (GALT)
  -lymph! (And chyle, the lymph from the GIT)

Question 3

Name 1-5 of lymph capillaries

Answer 3

1.endothelium of lymphatic capillary
2.interstitial fluid
3.opening
4.lymph
5.anchoring filament

Question 4

Name 1-3 of lymph capillaries

Answer 4

1.endothelial cell
2.endothelial cell nucleus
3.fibrocyte (secretes connective tissue - support)

Question 5

Major lymphatic ducts - right lymphatic duct

Answer 5

-right caudal part of neck
-lymph from the right thoracic limb and the right side of the neck and head
-right sup. Cervical, axillary and thoracic LN
-tracheal duct contribution
-empties into the right subclavian vein

Question 6

Major lymphatic ducts - thoracic duct

Answer 6

-main channel to return lymph of the body into the venous system
-caudally - start at the sublombar region or diaphragmatic crura
-cranially - left venous angle (subclavian vein and left internal jugular vein)
-cistema chyli - two part lymph channel, retroperitoneally, association with the cranial abdominal aorta

Question 7

Major lymphatic nodes

Answer 7

-parotid
-mandibular
-lat retropharyngeal (inconsistent)
- superficial cervical (near scapula, sometimes called prescapular)
-axillary
-intrinsic
-popliteal
-non palpable = femoral, mesenteric, bronchial etc.

Question 8

Name lymph nodes 1-5

Answer 8

1.inguinal
2.submandibular
3.prescapular
4.axillary
5.popliteal

Question 9

Location of inguinal lymph node

Answer 9

2 nodes either side of the groin between the thigh and abdominal wall

Question 10

Location of submandibular lymph node

Answer 10

2-5 nodes lying at the edge of the angle of the jaw

Question 11

Location of prescapular lymph node

Answer 11

Cranial to scapula

Question 12

Location of axillary lymph node

Answer 12

Within tissues of the axillary (armpit)

Question 13

Location of popliteal lymph node

Answer 13

Within the tissues of the gastrocnemius muscle, caudal to the stifle joint

Question 14

Anatomy of lymphatic nodule

Answer 14

-bean-shaped - indented areas name hilus
-capsule - fibrous connective outside layer
-cortex - location of resident lymphocytes
-medulla - contains tissue macrophages embedded in a coarse fibrous mesh

Question 15

Name 1-9 of lymph node

Answer 15

1.afferent lymphatic vessels
2.capsule
3.trabecula
4.hilus
5.efferent lymphatic vessels
6.macrophage
7.medulla
8.lymph nodule
9.cortex containing lymph nodules

Question 16

Spleen involvement in lymphatic system

Answer 16

-largest lymphoid organ In body
-haemopoietic multi-lobal
-attached T the greater curvature of the stomach on left side of abdomen
-storage of blood, removal of old RBC, activation of WBC
-removal of bacteria and foreign material by the action of phagocytic cells

Question 17

Name 1-10 of spleen

Answer 17

1.hilus with splenic artery and vein
2.renolienal ligament
3.phrenicolienal ligament
4.splenic artery
5.splenic vein
6.hilus
7.splenic lymph node
8.place of attachment for the greater omentum
9.intestinal surface
10.gastric surface

Question 18

Name different spleens of different species

Answer 18

1.goat
2.sheep
3.pig
4.dog
5.cat

Question 19

Name 1-13 of arteries

Answer 19

1.aorta
2.celiac artery
3.hepatic artery
4.splenic artery
5.left gastric artery
6.left gastroepiploic artery
7.gastrodudendal artery
8.right gastric artery
9.cranial mesenteric artery
10.pancreas
11.spleen
12.stomach
13.liver

Question 20

Name veins 1-8

Answer 20

1.portal vein
2.splenic vein
3.gastroduodenal vein
4.cranial mesenteric vein
5.caudal mesenteric vein
5’.ileocolic vein
5’’.middle colic vein
6.left gastric vein
7.right gastroepiploic vein
8.cranial pancreaticoduodenal vein

Question 21

Thymus

Answer 21

-thorax, cranial to heart
-most prominent in young animals (shrinks with time)
-thymocytes and T-cells

Question 22

Name 1-4

Answer 22

1.trachea
2.lung
3.thymus
4.heart

Question 23

Tonsils

Answer 23

-lymphoid tissue in pharynx
-prevent spread of infection into the respiratory or digestive systems
-located at the beginning of the lymph drainage system, not along the lymph vessels like lymph nodes

Question 24

Name

Answer 24

Tonsils

Question 25

Gut associated lymph tissue (GALT)

Answer 25

-lymphoid tissue found in the intestinal mucosa and submucosa -largest lymphoid organ in the body (in terms of volume, but in one piece it is the spleen still)

Question 26

Name

Answer 26

Gut associated lymph tissue (GALT)

Question 27

Peyer’s patches

Answer 27

Located in the wall of the intestine and assist with the battle against invading antigens

Question 28

Name X

Answer 28

Peyer’s patch

Question 29

What is the green arrow?

Answer 29

Peyer’s patches

Question 30

Name 1-12 of components of lymphatic system

Answer 30

1.arteriole 2.lymph capillary 3.tissue cells 4.collagen fiber 5.interstitial fluid 6.lymph (interstitial fluid) 7.lymph vessel endothelial cell 8.backflow prevention valve 9.endothelial ‘flaps’ 10.venule 11.lymphatic vessel 12.tissue fluid

Question 31

How is lymph formed?

Answer 31

1.arterial blood under pressure forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the tissues 2.lack of blood pressure results in less fluid being absorbed back to veins and so fluid accumulates in tissues (interstitial fluid) 3.excess of interstitial fluid is drained to lymphatic capillaries 4.lymphatic capillaries merge to form larger vessels which have valves 5.lymph is filtered in lymph nodes 6.lymphatic vessels drain into ducts

Question 32

Lymphatic system

Answer 32

-lymphatic system circulates the lymph which is like plasma but with more lymphocytes, more fat (lipids) and less proteins -lymph only moves towards the heart (unidirectional) and enters via cava -no pump - body movements propel lymph towards the heart

Question 33

Table of differences between blood plasma, tissue fluid and lymph

Answer 33