Skull

Question 1

3 main areas of skull

Answer 1

-cranium
-maxilla
-mandible

Question 2

7 functions of skull

Answer 2

-protect and house brain
-house sensory organs
-provide attachment for the mandible
-provide attachment for hyoid apparatus
-attach face muscles
-host teeth
-attach larynx

Question 3

Name 1-6

Answer 3

1-external occipital protuberance
2-temporomandibular joint
3-tympanic bulla
4-zygomatic arch
5-mandible
6-masseteric fossa

Question 4

Name 1 and 2

Answer 4

1- nasal aperture
2-infraorbital foramen

Question 5

Name 1-4

Answer 5

1- occipital crest
2-nuchal crest
3-occipital condyle
4-foramen magnum

Question 6

Name 1 and 2

Answer 6

1- orbit
2- temporal fossa

Question 7

Name 1,2,3 (caudal view)

Answer 7

1 - occipital condyles
2-paracondylar process (jugular process)
3-tympanic bulla

Question 8

Name 1 and 2 (ventral view without mandible)

Answer 8

1-paracondylar process (jugular process)
2-tympanic bulla

Question 9

Name 1-8

Answer 9

1-infraorbital foramen
2-retroarticular process
3-tympanic bulla
4-external acoustic meatus
5-occipital condyles
6-foramen magnum
7-nuchal crest
8-paracondylar process

Question 10

Name 1-9

Answer 10

1-palatine fissure
2-hard palate
3-tympanic bulla
4-jugular foramen
5-hypoglossal canal
6-foramen magnum
7-occipital condyle
8-paracondylar process
9-oval foramen

Question 11

Orbit on canine skull

Answer 11

-incomplete - bigger zygomatic arch than horses
-complete by orbital ligament

Question 12

Name parts of mandible

Answer 12

1-ramus
2-angle
3-body
4-mental foramina

Question 14

3 different head shapes of dogs

Answer 14

-brachycephalic (short)
-mesocephalic (normal)
-dolichocephalic (long)

Question 15

What are the sinuses and their function?

Answer 15

-air filled cavities within bone, lie within facial bones of skull
-lined with ciliates epithelium and communicate with nasal cavity
-make skull less heavy, allowing for heavy muscle attachment
-act as areas for heat exchange and sites of mucus secretion

Question 16

2 types of sinuses

Answer 16

-maxillary
-frontal

Question 17

Maxillary sinuses

Answer 17

Not true sinus but a recess at the caudal end of the nasal cavity

Question 18

Location of frontal sinuses

Answer 18

Lies within the frontal bone - varies in size depending on skull shape and age

Question 19

Name 1-12

Answer 19

1. Incisive
   2-nasal
   3-maxilla
   4-mandible
   5-lacrimal
   6-zygomatic
   7-frontal
   8-parietal
   9-temporal
   10-occipital
   11-occipital crest
   12-palatine

Question 20

Describe location of parietal bone in skull

Answer 20

Dorso-lateral walls

Question 21

Describe location of frontal bone on skull

Answer 21

Dorso-rostral surface

Question 22

Describe location of occipital bone in skull

Answer 22

Caudo-ventral surface

Question 23

Describe location of temporal bone on skull

Answer 23

Caudo-lateral wall

Question 24

Describe location of lacrimal on skull compared to zygomatic arch

Answer 24

Rostro-medial to the zygomatic arch

Question 25

Describe the location of the palatine bone on skull to zygomatic arch

Answer 25

Ventro-medial to zygomatic arch

Question 26

Describe location of sphenoid bones on skull to zygomatic arch

Answer 26

Caudo-medial to zygomatic arch

Question 27

Describe location of pterygoid on skull

Answer 27

Ventral to palatine and sphenoid

Question 28

Describe location of basisphenoid on skull compared to pterygoid

Answer 28

Caudal to pterygoid

Question 29

Describe location of incisive on skull

Answer 29

Rostral and ventral to the nasal bone

Question 30

Describe location of nasal on skull

Answer 30

Dorsal to incisive and rostral to maxilla

Question 31

Joints of skull

Answer 31

-fibrous joints (sutures) -temporomandibular joint is synovial -each mandible joins by mandibular symphysis

Question 32

What makes up the hard palate?

Answer 32

Maxilla, palatine and incisive

Question 33

What is the nasal chamber divided by?

Answer 33

Nasal septum

Question 34

What does each chamber of nasal cavity contain?

Answer 34

Conchae

Question 35

What are conchae?

Answer 35

Scroll like bones within the nasal cavity

Question 36

Function of conchae

Answer 36

Increase surface area to warm and moisten air and to enhance olfaction

Question 37

What is caudal to the conchae?

Answer 37

Ethmoidal labyrinth

Question 38

What are nasal terminals covered in?

Answer 38

Mucosa