PASSMED

Question 1

Answer 1

16

Question 2

Answer 2

Question 3

And where does it originate from (which tissue)?

Answer 3

classical seminoma

originates from germ cells

Question 4

Answer 4

Question 5

A 60-year-old male with a 15 pack year smoking history is seen in hospital by a specialist in after having complained of haematuria. He undergoes a cystoscopy and biopsy, which come back as normal. What type of epithelial cells would be seen histologically?

Answer 5

transitional epithelium

Question 6

A 50-year-old man presents with a history of prolonged diarrhoea over the past several weeks. He reports fatigue, muscle weakness, and occasional lightheadedness. On examination, the patient appears dehydrated with signs of hypotension. Blood tests reveal a normal anion gap metabolic acidosis. Further electrolyte analysis is performed to investigate the underlying cause.

What electrolyte abnormality is most likely to accompany this patient’s condition?

Answer 6

hypokalaemia

prolonged diarrhoea may result in a metabolic acidosis associated with hypokalaemia

Question 7

Answer 7

Question 8

A 14-year-old boy presents with microscopic haematuria detected during a school health screening. His maternal grandfather developed end-stage renal failure in his twenties and required dialysis. His mother has mild hearing difficulties but normal renal function. Audiometry reveals bilateral high-frequency sensorineural hearing loss. Ophthalmological examination shows anterior lenticonus.

What is the most likely underlying molecular defect?

Answer 8

type IV collagen mutation - alport syndrome

Question 9

Answer 9