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Question 1

when do you use some/somebody/someone/something?

Abbiamo comprato dei fiori.

Hai comprato i fiori? Sì, ne ho comprati alcuni

Stai aspettando qualcuno?
(Penso che tu stia aspettando qualcuno.

Posso avere un po’ di zucchero, per favore?
(Probabilmente c’è dello zucchero che posso avere.)

Vuoi qualcosa da mangiare?
(C’è qualcosa da mangiare)

Answer 1

a) positive sentences:

we bought some flowers

sometimes you can omit the noun after “some”:

Have you bought the flowers? Yes, I’ve bought some

b) in questions, to talk about a person or thing we know exists or we think exists

Are you waiting for somebody? (I think you’re waiting for somebody)

c) we use some in questions when we ask for or offer things

Can I have some sugar, please? (There is probaly some sugar that I can have)

Would you like something to eat (There is something to eat)

Question 2

When do we use any/anybody/anyone/anything?

Non abbiamo comprato fiori.

Quanta pane hai comprato? Non ne ho comprato

È uscita senza soldi

Ha rifiutato di mangiare qualsiasi cosa

È un esame molto facile. Quasi nessuno lo fallisce.

Hai dei bagagli? (= forse sì, forse no)

C’è qualcuno in casa? (= forse sì, forse no)

Fammi sapere se hai bisogno di qualcosa.

Se qualcuno ha domande, sarò felice di rispondere.

Mi dispiace per i problemi che posso aver causato

La polizia vuole parlare con chiunque abbia visto l’incidente

Puoi prendere qualsiasi autobus

Abbiamo dimenticato di chiudere la porta. Chiunque sarebbe potuto entrare.

Answer 2

a) negative sentences

We didn’t buy any flowers

sometimes you can omit the noun:

How much bread did you buy? I didn’t buy any (bread)

b) sentences with negative meaning

She went out without any money (= She didn’t take any money with her)

He refused to eat anything (= He didn’t eat anything)

It’s a very easy exam. Hardly anybody fails (= almost NOBODY fails)

c) questions, when we don’t know if the thing or person we talk about exists

Do you have any luggage? (= maybe you do, maybe not)
Is there anybody in the house (= maybe there is, maybe not)

d) if + any

let me know if you need anything
If anyone has any questions, I’ll be pleased to answer them

e) sentences with the idea of “if”

I’m sorry for any trouble I’ve caused (= if I have caused any trouble)

the police want to speak to anyone who saw the accident (= if there is anyone)

f)
with the meaning of “it doesn’t matter which”

you can take any bus (= it doesn’t matter which bus you take)

we forgot to lock the door. Anybody could have come in.

Question 3

what kind of words somebody/one and anybody/one are?

. Qualcuno ha dimenticato il proprio ombrello.

Se qualcuno vuole andare via prima, può farlo.

Answer 3

They are singular words, but we use they/them/their after these words

Someone HAS forgotten THEIR umbrella

If anybody WANTS to leave early, THEY can

Question 4

no vs none

Non c’erano autobus.

Non ha amici.

Non è stata data alcuna spiegazione per il cambio di programma.

Quanti soldi hai? Nessuno

Tutti i biglietti sono stati venduti. Non ne è rimasto nessuno.

Questi soldi sono tutti tuoi. Nessuno di essi è mio.

Nessuno degli studenti era felice

Answer 4

no + noun (no bus, no shops etc.)

a) no = not a or not any

b) you can use it at the beggining of a sentence

No reason was given for the change of plan

none

a) we use it without a noun

How much money do you have? None (= no money, = I don’t have any)

All the tickets have been sold. There are none left (= no tickets left)

b) you can say “none of st”

This money is all yours. None of it is mine.

c) after none of + plural the verb can be singular or plural

None of the students were happy or was happy

Question 5

nothing/nobody/no-one/nowhere

Non ho detto niente.

Cosa succederà? Nessuno lo sa.

Cos’è successo? Niente.

Dove stai andando? Da nessuna parte. Resto qui.

Non c’è nessuno che viva lì.

Non avevamo niente da mangiare.

Non ho detto niente.

Answer 5

nothing/nobody/no-one/nowhere = not + anything/anybody etc.

I said nothing (= I didn’t say anything)

a) you can use them at the beggining of a sentence or alone (as answers to questions)

What’s going to happen? Nobody knows/No-one knows

what happened? Nothing

where are you going? Nowhere. I’m staying here

b) you can also use them after a verb

There is nobody living there

We had nothing to eat

c) we don’t use a negative verb with them

I said nothing

Question 6

what kind of words are nobody/no-one?

Nessuno è perfetto, vero?

Nessuno ha fatto quello che gli avevo chiesto.

Answer 6

they are singular words, but we use they/them/their after them

Nobody IS perfect, ARE THEY? (positive question tag because the meaning of the sentence is negative (nobody))

No-one did what I asked them to do

Question 7

much

Answer 7

a) uncountable nouns

much luck

b) not in positive sentence

We didn’t spend much time
Did we spend much time?

c) too much/ so much / as much = in positive sentences

We spent too much money

Question 8

little

Answer 8

a) uncountable nouns

little energy

b) not much, less than someone would like

Gary is very busy with his job. He has little time for other things

c) very little/so little

Hay has very/so little time

Question 9

many

Answer 9

a) plural nouns

Many friends

b) all kind of sentences

Many people drive too fast

So you know many people?

There aren’t many tourists here

c) many years/many weeks/many days

We’ve lived here for many years

Question 10

a lot of/ lots of/ plenty of (=more than enough)

Answer 10

a) both uncountable and plural nouns

a lot of luck
a lot of friends

b) all kind of sentences

A lot of people drive too fast

Do you know a lot of people?

There aren’t a lot of tourists here

c) a lot/ lots/plenty + to verb

There’s plenty to do in this town

Question 11

few

Answer 11

a) plural nouns

few friends

b) not many, less than someone would like

Vicky doesn’t like living in London. She has few friends there

c) very few/ so few

Vicky has very few/so few friends in London

Question 12

a little

Answer 12

a) uncountable nouns

a little time

b) some, a small amount but enough

Do you speak English? A little, so we can talk a bit

Question 13

only a little/only a few

Answer 13

a) little/few < x < a little/a few = it may be barely enough or barely insufficient

Hurry! We only have a little time

The villages was small, there were only a few houses

Question 14

a few

Answer 14

a) plural nouns

a few friends

b) some, a small number but enough

I have a few friends and we meet quite often

I saw her a few days ago

Question 15

all/ half/ some/ any/ most/ much/ many/ (a) little/ (a) few/ no/ none

Answer 15

a) in general

Some cars can go faster than others

I go away most weekends

b) a specific group = some of/ most of/ none of etc. + the/this/that/my etc.

Some of the people I work with are very strange

I was ill yesterday. I spent most of the day in bed

c) all/half = you can use both

All my friends/All of my friends live near here

Half this money/half of this money is mine

d) all of/ some of/ none of etc. + it/us/you/them etc. = it’s a spefici group

Do any of you want to come to a party tonight?

All of us were late

I’ve only read half of it

e) you can also use some/most etc. alone, without a noun

Some cars have four doors and some have two

a few of the shops were open, but most (of them) were closed

Half this money is mine, and half (of it) is yours

Question 16

both

Answer 16

a) used for 2 things = entrambi

both books

b) if used as a subject is plural

Both restaurants are good

c) you can also use it without a noun

Which one do you prefer, basketball or tennis? It’s hard to say. I like both.

d) negative sentence = both + negative verb

Both weren’t present at the meeting.

e) both of + the/these/my/Tom’s etc., but you don’t need it

Both of these restaurants are good or Both restaurants are good

f) BUT you need it before us/you/them etc.

Both of us were tired

g) both…and…

Both Chris and Paule (subject) were late

I was BOTH TIRED AND HUNGRY (object)

He can both dance and sing ( modals structure)

Question 17

either

Answer 17

a) used for 2 things (one or the other, it doesn’t matter which)

either book

b) If you use it as a subject is singular

Either option works for me

c) you can also use it without a noun

Do you want tea or coffee? Either. I don’t mind

d) negative sentence = neither = don’t either

e) either of + the/these/my/Tom’s…etc.

I haven’t been to either of those restaurants

f) we also use either of + us/you/them etc.

Can either of you speak Russian?

g) either…or…

She’s EITHER SPANISH (object) or Italian

Either you apologise (subject), or I’ll never speak to you again

You can either come with us, or stay home (modal structure)

Question 18

neither

Answer 18

a) used for 2 things (= not one or the other = don’t either)

Neither book

b) If you use it as a subject is singular

Neither option works for me

c) you can also use it without a noun

Is your friend British or American? Neither. She’s Australian

d) negative sentence = avoid double negative

f) neither of + the/these/my/Tom’s…etc.

Neither of the restaurants we went to was expansive

g) we also use neither of + us/you/them etc.

I asked 2 people how to get to the station, but neither of them knew

e) neither… nor…

Neither Crish nor Paul (subject) came to the party

we neither saw nor heard anything

He can neither swim nor float (modals structure)

Question 19

every/everybody/everyone/everything

Answer 19

a) they are singular words, so they use singular verbs. But we use they/them/their after everybody/everyone

Everybody said THEY enjoyed THEMSELVES

Everyone was happy

b) After Every or everything we use he/she/him/her/his/her

Every seat in the the theatre WAS taken, WASN’T it?

Everything is great, isn’t it?

Question 20

all

Answer 20

a) all + noun

• All my friends were happy

b) al of +us/you/them

• All of us were happy

c) we/you/they…all

• we were all happy (= everyone in the group)

d) all about

• He knows all about computers

e) All… = the only thing(s)

• All I’ve eaten today is a banana

Question 21

whole (h@ul) vs all (ool)

Answer 21

a) whole = complete, entire. We use it mostly with singular nouns. We don’t use it with uncountable nouns

• Did you read the whole book?

we use the/this/my/a/Tom’s etc. BEFORE whole

• I read the whole book

b) all = complete, entire for uncountable nouns

• Did you spend all the money I gave you?

we use the/this/my/a/Tom’s etc. AFTER all

• I read all the information

Question 22

every + time

Answer 22

We use every to say how often something happens (every day/ every ten minutes etc.)

We went to the beach every day

We don’t see each other very often - about every six months

Question 23

All day (month, week, etc.) vs the whole day (month, week, etc.)

all the time vs every time

Answer 23

a) all day = the whole day/month/evening = the complete day from beginning to end

He didn’t say a word all evening (= the whole evening)

b) all the time = always, continously

They never go out. They are at home all the time

c) every time = each time, on every occasion

Every time I see you, you look different

Question 24

each vs every

Answer 24

a) they are both singular and follow the same logic:

Each of them IS responsible, AREN’T THEY?

b)

• we use each when we think of things separately, one by one. - Each is more usual for a small number or 2 things.

Study each sentence carefully.

There were 4 books on the table. Each book was a different colour

-We use every when we think of things as a group (the meaning is similar to all). It’s more usual for a large number and never for 2 things only.

Every window in the house was open

I’d like to visit every country in the world (= all the countries)

c) we use every to say how often something happens-

I use my car every day

Question 25

each vs very (structure)

Answer 25

each: a) we use it with or withou a noun: None of the rooms are the same: - Each room is different - Each si different or we can use "each one" - Each one is different b) We say each of the/these/them etc. followed by a plural and a singular verb Each of the books WAS a different colour Each of THEM WAS good c) We also use each in the middle of a sentence: - the students were each given a book (= Each student was given a book) d) We say a dollar each, ten pounds each etc. These oranges are 40 dollars each (each = for one orange) every: a) we always use it with a noun; - She's read every book in the library or we can use "every one" - Have you read all these books? - Yes, every one b) We say every one of the/these/them etc. followed by a plural and a singular verb I've read every one of those books Every one of THEM WAS good

Question 26

Everyone vs every one

Answer 26

Everyone = only for people (= everybody) Every one = for things or people Sarah is invited in lots of parties and she goes to every one (= to every party)