radiographs

Question 1

Things that RADs can evaluate

Answer 1

• lungs and airways
• if the patient is in left sided heart failure
• general cardiac size

Question 2

how to distinguish btw right lateral and left lateral?

Answer 2

right lateral: parallel disphragmantic crus + only one cranial pulmonary vessels visible

left lateral: diaphragmatic crus creates y-shape + two pairs of vessels

Question 3

DV view is great for evaluating

Answer 3

heart and pulmonary vessels

Question 4

VD view is great for evaluating

Answer 4

lungs

Question 5

characteristics of DV view

Answer 5

• reverse D shape of the heart
• diaphragm touching the cardiac shadow

Question 6

characteristics of VD view

Answer 6

• elongated heart shape

Question 7

radiographic characteristics of shallow wide chested breeds like french bulldog

Answer 7

• blunted cardiac shadow on DV
• more sternal contact mimicking R heart enlargement on lateral

Question 8

radiographic characteristics of deep chested breeds like doberman

Answer 8

• round cardiac shadow on DV
• long vertical cardiac shadow on lateral

Question 9

on VD or DV view,

artery - lateral or medial
vein - lateral or medial

Answer 9

artery - lateral
vein - medial

Question 10

on lateral views,

artery - cranial or caudal
vein - cranial or caudal

Answer 10

artery - cranial
vein - caudal
(bronchus -black space btw these two)

Question 11

in left-sided congestive heart failure, what fails?

Answer 11

left atrium and/or left ventricle

Question 12

in left-sided congestive heart failure, what is the key lateral radiographic sign?

Answer 12

pulmonary veins are larger than pulmonary arteries and 4th rib

Question 13

What lung change commonly results from L-CHF?

Answer 13

Pulmonary edema

Question 14

cardiomegaly?

Answer 14

general enlargement of the heart

Question 15

three ways that can help estimate the cardiac size?

Answer 15

1. evaluate cardiac height and width on the lateral view
2. evaluate carina on the lateral view
3. evaluate cardiac width on DV/VD

Question 16

generally, height of the heart is … of the distance between spinal cord and sterum

Answer 16

2/3

Question 17

generally, width of the heart is … intercostal spaces

Answer 17

2-3 intercostal spaces

Question 18

carina?

Answer 18

cartilaginous ridge at the bottom of the trachea where it splits into two bronchi

Question 19

general cardiac width by cardiothoracic ratio in VD/DV view?

Answer 19

50-70%

Question 20

In a dorsoventral (DV) thoracic radiograph of a dog (using the “clock-face” analogy), a pronounced bulge at the 1–2 o’clock position on the cardiac silhouette most likely indicates enlargement of which structure?

Answer 20

main pulmonary artery

Question 21

vertebral heart score (VHS)?

Answer 21

1. measure the long axis and short axis of the heart on a lateral view
2. align those lengths against the spine (starting at T4), and summing the vertebral lengths

(long axis) - from carina to apex

Question 22

dilation of caudal vena cava is a finding in left sided heart failure or right-sided?

Answer 22

right-sided