Soil

Question 1

Soils lower than this pH are un suitable for farming

Answer 1

Less than five

Question 2

Acidic soil can induce this

Answer 2

Aluminum toxicity

Question 3

Sand soil attracts this pest

Answer 3

Parasitic nematodes

Question 4

Ideal vineyard soil

Answer 4

Loam: combination of particles size sand for drain drainage, fertility clay

Question 5

Why does sandy soil warm more quickly?

Answer 5

Lesser water content

Question 6

Igneous rocks

Answer 6

Granite: cooled magma non-porous volcanic rocks igneous rocks formed from lava,
Basalt- breaks down to form fertile clay soil

Question 7

Sedimentary soil

Answer 7

Weathered rocks, wind, or water deposited in layers, limestone, chalk, shale and sandstone

Question 8

Metamorphic rocks

Answer 8

Igneous or sedimentary rocks subjected to heat and pressure. Slate, Schist, Gneiss

Question 9

life

high pH above 8.5 and soil is a result of this

Answer 9

Lime content, calcareous, soil, limestone, chalk, Tufa, marlstone, marble

Question 10

Acidic soils

Answer 10

Basalt
sandstone
shale, slate, schist

Question 11

What causes carbonic acid in soil?

Answer 11

Decomposition of organic matter and respiration of roots

Question 12

What can de acidify soil?

Answer 12

Liming application of limestone, Dolemite or lime, calcium hydroxide usually when vineyard is developed

Question 13

As nutrients are leached from soil, this takes their place on the CEC

Answer 13

Protons

Question 14

What is colluvial soil?

Answer 14

Soil transported by erosion and gravity

Question 15

What is fluvial soil?

Answer 15

Soil, weathered, transported and deposited by rivers and streams

Question 16

What breaks down rocks and organic matter

Answer 16

Soil, microbes, and plant roots

Question 17

How long does it take to form 1 inch of topsoil?

Answer 17

100 years

Question 18

Five factors of soil formation

Answer 18

Parent material
Climate
Topography
Organisms
Time

Question 19

three types of underlying bedrock

Answer 19

Igneous
sedimentary
metamorphic

Question 20

Acidic soil induces this deficiency

Answer 20

Phosphate deficiency protons take up too much space on CEC causing deficiency

Question 21

Alkaline soil induces this deficiency

Answer 21

Iron deficiency

Question 22

What two soil factors most influence availability of nutrients

Answer 22

Soil texture
PH

Question 23

this root stock is lime, tolerant and planted in high pH calcareous soil

Answer 23

Berlandieri

Question 24

Soil pH range

Answer 24

3 to 10

Question 25

Acidic soil

Answer 25

Below 6.5 PH

Question 26

What does pH measure?

Answer 26

Hydrogen ions or protons dissolved in a solution where acidic substances have more protons

Question 27

pH of six has this much more protons than a pH of seven

Answer 27

10 times more protons

Question 28

Vine growth occurs between this temperature range

Answer 28

50 to 95°F

Question 29

Vine growth and ripening shuts down above this degree Fahrenheit

Answer 29

Above 95°F

Question 30

If a nutrient is mobile, which leaves show symptoms first

Answer 30

Older basal leaves first

Question 31

If a nutrient is immobile symptoms appear here first

Answer 31

Younger leaves

Question 32

Name three ways, a producer can assess nutritional deficits in a plant

Answer 32

Petiole sampling flowering or taking soil samples, visual symptoms

Question 33

These macro nutrients are most often applied to soil

Answer 33

NPK nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium Other Macronutrients: Sulfur, Calcium, Magnesium

Question 34

As nutrients are leached from soil, this takes their place on the CEC

Answer 34

Protons

Question 35

Two toxicities that can occur in soil

Answer 35

Aluminum and salt

Question 36

How does sodicity affect soil?

Answer 36

Reduces permeability Destroys soil structure Repels clay particles

Question 37

Humus?

Answer 37

Important topsoil, constituent, nutrient, dense organic material holds water and nutrients in soil and reduces erosion

Question 38

What is horizon a

Answer 38

Topsoil horizon B is subsoil less porous, more clay, and better water holding capacity

Question 39

What is horizon C?

Answer 39

Substratum friable rock no roots

Question 40

What two factors are most important in characterizing vineyard specificities

Answer 40

Physical and chemical characteristics, these determine the amount of water and nutrients available to vine

Question 41

What is a soils geological age?

Answer 41

When the underlying bedrock was formed

Question 42

Mineral fertilizers overtime can cause this issue

Answer 42

Soil acidification

Question 43

Examples of micro nutrients

Answer 43

Boron Manganese Copper Iron Zinc Molybdenum Nickel Chlorine Vines have less demand for these