Viticulture

Question 1

At what temperature will vine death occur cold

Answer 1

0°F

Damage occurs at flow 5°F

Question 2

How does pruning mitigate frost damage?

Answer 2

Pre-pruned Spurs left long encourages sacrificial buds to push early in the season later pruning will remove damaged tissue

Question 3

Why are sprinklers employed for frost prevention?

Answer 3

When water freezes it releases heat, but water must be Constantly
applied

Question 4

What nutrients are supplied by water?

Answer 4

Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen

Question 5

What nutrient is provided by the atmosphere?

Answer 5

Carbon dioxide

Question 6

What is the most ideal aspect in the northern hemisphere for vines?

Answer 6

Southeast and south

Question 7

Where are the steepest vineyards in the world?

Answer 7

Mosel Valley

Question 8

Why are steep slopes earlier ripening

Answer 8

They intercept the most sunlight on average throughout the day, regardless of the sun position

Question 9

For every thousand foot increase there is a what percentage increase in sunlight exposure

Answer 9

2%

Question 10

For every 300 foot gain in elevation how does temperature decrease?

Answer 10

By 1°F

Question 11

Most root stocks are this

Answer 11

Hybrids of non-vinifera grape species, especially American varieties

Question 12

Three most common root stocks

Answer 12

Vitis Riparia (Water tolerant)
Vitis Rupestris (drought tolerant)
Vitis Berlandieri (Lime Tolerant)

Question 13

Other examples of root stocks

Answer 13

Vitis Champinii
Muscadinia Rotundifolia
Vitis Solonis

Question 14

one example of pure Riparia Rootstock

Answer 14

Riparia Gloire

Question 15

Ramsey is tolerant of this

Answer 15

Salt
planted in many New World vineyards widely

Question 16

St. George is an example of this rootstock

Answer 16

Vitis Rupestris

St. George is also called Rupestris du Lot

Question 17

Where is Vitis Berlandieri Native?

Answer 17

Texas

Question 18

How many nutrients do grapevines require for healthy function?

Answer 18

17

Question 19

Iron deficiency causes this

Answer 19

chlorosis: yellowing of leaves

Question 20

These deficiencies cause reddening of leaves often, mistaken from fan leaf and leaf roll

Answer 20

Phosphorus (in particular) and potassium deficiencies

Question 21

Most important nutrients of vine absorbs from soil

Answer 21

Nitrogen
Phosphorus
Potassium

NPK
Considered macro nutrients

Question 22

Symptom of nitrogen deficiency

Answer 22

Low vigor and chlorosis

Question 23

Low fruit pH can be a symptom of this deficiency

Answer 23

Potassium deficiency

Question 24

What macro nutrient has the most significant impact on quality and yields?

Answer 24

Nitrogen

Question 25

Nitrogen is leachable what does that mean?

Answer 25

It can be washed away from soil in ground water runoff

Question 26

Phosphorus is an example of what kind of nutrient

Answer 26

Immobile: the youngest parts of the vine will show weakness first

Question 27

Potassium is particularly important for this in grapes

Answer 27

Cell structure maintenance

Question 28

Nitrogen rich vines attract these

Answer 28

Pests like leafhoppers

Question 29

When in the growing cycle is water the most important

Answer 29

Beginning of the season, water stress is beneficial during veraison

Question 30

Why is the Huglin Index more accurate and common than Winkler

Answer 30

Hugelin Index takes latitude into account and latitude affects day length

Question 31

Why is 50° subtracted from each average daily temperature in calculating the Winkler scale

Answer 31

Below 50°F. Little shoot growth takes place

Question 32

How are vines planted to mitigate wind pressure in southern Rhone and Provence?

Answer 32

Vineyard roes are planted parallel to the wind direction and vines are planted load to the ground

Question 33

What creates higher sugar, content, and fruit from coastal California vines planted perpendicular to wind

Answer 33

Vines, self shelter to protect from wind

Question 34

How do microbes protect vines from pathogens?

Answer 34

Limit pathogen population by feeding on them or out competing them blocking access to plant roots, releasing hormones that stimulate plants defense system to react

Question 35

What is the Rhizosphere

Answer 35

Area directly around plant root

Question 36

What is Mycorrihizae

Answer 36

Symbiotic associations of fungi and plant roots

Question 37

Why is sodium chloride toxic to plants?

Answer 37

Limits vines ability to absorb water

Question 38

Places that have high salt content, and salinity

Answer 38

California Central Coast, Mexico, Baja south and western Australia

Question 39

CEC or Cation exchange capacity measures this

Answer 39

Surface area of soil to hold nutrients

Question 40

What increases CEC in soil?

Answer 40

Soil organic matter

Question 41

pH scale

Answer 41

0-14 0 very acidic 14 totally basic 7: neutral, water.

Question 42

Some mineral example examples

Answer 42

Quartz Mica Feldspar Gypsum calcite Flint

Question 43

How do vines get nutrients?

Answer 43

Organic matter and fertilizers

Question 44

How do vines transmit minerals from rocks?

Answer 44

Vine roots take up small ions: 17 mineral nutrients

Question 45

# Vit Vitis Labrusca (Cold tolerant) and Vitus Aestivalis (Both North America) created these hybrids

Answer 45

Clinton Catabwa Delaware Isabella Niagara Noah Norton

Question 46

Full name for TDN

Answer 46

1,1,6 trimethyl-1,2-dihydronapthaline

Question 47

How many leaves are required to ripen a cluster of grapes?

Answer 47

12 to 16

Question 48

These two phenolic compounds are produced by light stimulation

Answer 48

Anthocyanin Tannin

Question 49

What contribution did Dr. Andy Walker make to Pierce's disease research?

Answer 49

Created five new varieties with 97% Vinifera parenting resistant to pierces disease

Question 50

Some French hybrids

Answer 50

Baco Noir Baco Blanc Chambourcin Chancellor Couderc Noir Seyval Blanc

Question 51

What are Piwi grape varieties?

Answer 51

Pilzwiederstandsfahige Reben Fungus resistant Vines Muscaris (Solaris x Muscat) Souvignier Gris (Seyval Blanc x Zahringer)

Question 52

A spur contains between ___ and ____ buds

Answer 52

one and three

Question 53

Vitis Vinifera was domesticated from this subspecies 7000 years ago in eastern Europe

Answer 53

Vitis Sylvestris

Question 54

How many clusters do most shoots contain?

Answer 54

Two Carignan produces three

Question 55

What are some species of Vitus

Answer 55

Berlandieri (Lime tolerant) Riparia (flood and cold tolerant) Rupestris (drought tolerant) Vinifera Amurensis Aestivalis

Question 56

What are the two Genuses of Vitacae?

Answer 56

Vitis Mucadinia

Question 57

What is the species of Muscadinia?

Answer 57

Rotundifolia

Question 58

How many chromosomes does Vitis have?

Answer 58

38

Question 59

How many chromosomes in Muscadinia?

Answer 59

40

Question 60

Vinifera belongs to this family?

Answer 60

Vitacae, like Boston Ivy

Question 61

What does the Ravaz Index Measure

Answer 61

Ratio of fruit weight to pruning weight 4 fruit to 10 pruning is balanced

Question 62

When are inflorescences initiated?

Answer 62

Within the buds of the previous growing seaseon

Question 63

Vitis Sylvestris is dioecious?

Answer 63

Male and Female plants exist

Question 64

Roots of vinifera are in the first ___feet of soil

Answer 64

Three

Question 65

What are the most commonly planted hybrids

Answer 65

Rondo and Regent

Question 66

Koshu is a Japanese hybrid of these two species

Answer 66

Vinifera and Vitis davidii

Question 67

Which buds are most fruitful during the growing season?

Answer 67

Dormant buds that formed the previous year

Question 68

What is the Petiole?

Answer 68

Stem, connecting leaf and shoot

Question 69

What is a pedicel

Answer 69

small, individual stem that attaches each single grape to the cluster's main branch (the rachis).

Question 70

How does the bloom help the grapes?

Answer 70

protects from disease prevents berry dehydration, collect yeast and microbes

Question 71

Where does most photosynthesis occur in a grapevine?

Answer 71

In the leaves

Question 72

Vines are Lianas, meaning this they are photo tropes, meaning this

Answer 72

Have no support system. Are structural parasites. They are sun seekers, rapid vertical growth

Question 73

Where is Vitis Sylvestris native

Answer 73

Europe and Western Asia