Discovery Causes
-economics, desire for an all water route to China & India for the valuable spice trade
-driven by their desires to use potential gold & riches in future crusades against Islam
-religious fervency, to spread Christianity to the non-believers
The Treaty of Tordesillas 1494
to avoid future conflicts between Spain & Portugal, Pope Alexander VI helped negotiate a treaty dividing current & future discoveries
called Aztecs by the Europeans
Mexica
in order to eliminate any ideas of retreat, Cortes
scuttled his ships
Cortes expedition served as a model for others, _________ ________ conquered the Incas
Francisco Pizarro
In 1521 Ponce de Leon landed in Florida in search of wealth and the elusive
“Fountain of Youth”
discovered the Mississippi
Hernan de Soto
Francisco Coronado
searched for the 7 fabled cities of gold
Spanish gold & silver from the new world causes
inflation to soar
The Colombian Exchange
the movement of peoples, animals, plants, manufactured goods, precious metals & diseases between Europe America and Africa
Spaniards brought to the new world
-Christianity
-iron technology
-sailing ships
-firearms
-wheeled vehicles
-horses
-old world viruses
For the Portugese & Spanish _____ was more important than the pursuit of gold/glory
the spread of Roman Catholic Christianity
In 1517 Martin Luther, __________ movement that will forever split the Western Church
nailed his 95 Theses on Church reform to the Wittenburg church doors
Luther had 2 major issues
salvation & indulgences
Wartburg Castle ________________ significance was his influence on the emergence of the German language
1415 translated the Bible to German
One group that was extremely supportive and influential for Luther
Evangelicals
Predestination
God oriented the “Elect” (small group) to salvation or damnation even before the creation of the world
was Europe’s largest and most widespread popular uprising prior to the French Revolution of 1789
The Peasants Wars of 1525
Act of Supremacy
created the Church of England and made Henry and subsequent English monarchs the head of the new church
The Council of Trent results of the council
-The Church was the ultimate authority on the Bible, anyone else was a heretic
-Salvation depended on both faith and good works, not just faith
-Banned the selling of indulgences
The pope also created a new priest order to combat the Protestants and to convert the heathens to Christianity
The Jesuits
father of modern political science
Niccolo Machiavelli
was one of the most influential royal houses of Europe
The House of Habsberg
1535 Francis I forges an alliance with the ____ against Charles V
Muslim Turks
