The second deadliest European religion war behind 30 years war
French wars of Religion
French Calvinists
Huguenots
St.Bartholomew’s day massacre
reigniting the french wars of religion
The Edict of Nantes
granted French Huguenots religious toleration ending the French Wars of Religion
by placing order and the security of the state above matters of faith
Henry IV brought the French Wars of Religion to an end
Philip II of Spain a deeply devout catholic determined
to restore catholic unity in Europe and lead the christian defense against the Muslims
The Netherlands Religions toleration developed for pragmatic reasons
The central government backed the power to enforce religious orthodoxy
make Amsterdam the wealthiest city in Europe for 200 years
the leading money market, commodities market, and Arms dealing market In the world
Spanish soldiers sacked Amsterdam, killing 8,000 people and burning 1000 buildings in 11 days of horror
Spanish Fury
In response to the execution of the Catholic monarch, Philip II of spain
sent the famous Spanish armada to crush England
The most destructive and the deadliest European religious war, resulting in eight million casualties
The Thirty years war
The peace of Augsburg
The most important it established that all princes enjoyed the right to determine the religion of their land and subjects EXCLUDED CALVINIST
The Bohemian Revolt
The Battle of White Mountain 1620
was a Bohemian protestant/converted Catholic duke of Mecklenburg offered his services emperor Ferdinand II
Von Wallenstein
In 1630 transforming what had simply emperor’s attempt to curb the protestants states into a full scale war in Europe
Sweden intervened
Cardinal Richelieu king Louis XIII’s chief minister, this chief foreign policy objective______30 years war that engulfed Europe
was to check the power of the Austro-spanish Habsburg dynasty and to ensure French dominance
raisin d’etat (reason of the state)
that is the states interest above all else
The peace of Westphalia 1648
It was the first time a diplomatic congress was convened that brought all parties together to create and guarantee a treaty
France replaces spain as the power on the continent
placing the state’s interest above all other interest
Treaty of Westphalia international warfare would be undertaken for reasons
National security, political ambition, or Dynastic pride
Secularization
The state is officially neutral in matters of religion
Rene Descartes French mathematician and philosopher he argued that all prior and assumptions should be discarded in favor of one basic principle
I think therefore I am
Sir Isaac Newton believed that by demonstrating that the physical universe followed rational principles prove
the existence of God
Magic and science had long been associated with each other as two forms of
intellectual pursuit
