were brought back to build their massive temples, palaces, and cities
conquered people
were among the most ruthless of the ancient middle east
assyrian rulers
the largest empire of the ancient world to that point
Cyrus the Great “king of kings”
the Persians
military strength & cultral toleration were the foundations for
maintaining order in the empire
Governor duties included:
-keeping order
-enrolling troups
-sending revenue to royal treasury
the world is an arena for an ongoing battle for control between divine forces of good & evil
moral dualism
Israelites had to follow strict religious & moral codes
the 10 commandments
throughout this period Jewish prophets preached their defeats were divine punishment for
neglecting the Sinai covenant & mistreating the poor
the Torah
the sacred text became the center of religious life for Jews
creation of _____ was the most crucial development for the history not only of Judaism but also Christianity and Islam
sacred text
the Mycenaean period became the historical setting of much of ancient Greek
literature and mythology
the Mycenaeans valued war more than
religion
the Greeks that emerged had lost their writing, eventually adopting the
Phoenician alphabet
competitive individual excellence
Arete
Greece’s most famous author, Homer who wrote the epic poems,
The Iliad and the Odyssey
the major theme uniting the Iliad and the Odyssey is
do not under any circumstances incur the wrath of the gods
the Greeks called their land ___ and themselves ____
Hellas; Hellenes
Value of
-excellence
-self-sufficiency or individualism
-civic virtue
the Polis
an independent community of citizens inhabiting a city and the surrounding countryside
the Mediterranean climate and the steepness of the terrain limited
crops and how much of them could be grown
Population increases usually led to population exodus. As a result
Greeks colonized throughout the Mediterranean & Black Sea
The Greek polis was unique in that it was based on the concept of
citizenship for all its free males
There were 3 types of gov’t in the Greek city-states
-tyrannies
-oligarchy
-democracy
Oligarchy
most common form of gov’t in Archaic Greece
