Beck’s cognitive triad
Negative views about the self <-> negative views about the future <-> negative views about the world <->
6 negative distortions
- selective abstraction
- minimisation
- personalisation
- arbitrary inference
- magnification
- overgeneralisation
selective abstraction
Focusing on one element of situation and drawing conclusion from that, not the full situation
minimisation
Minimising positive thoughts, push down positive thoughts effortfully and replace with negative ones
personalisation
Blaming yourself for everything, the weight of the world sits on your shoulders.
arbitrary inference
Overinterpreting ambiguous situations, drawing negative conclusions when there is little/no evidence
magnification
Turning slightly negative situation into a very negative one
Every molehill becomes a mountain
overgeneralisation
Observing every single negative event and generalising to entire life
negative self talk - dysphoric vs non-dysphoric individuals
People with dysphoria (unhappiness) had a 1:1 ratio (1 positive thought: 1 negative thought)
People without dysphoria had a 2:1 ratio (2 positive thoughts: 1 negative thought)
self clarity concept
The extent to which an individual’s self-concept is clearly and confidently defined, internally consistent, and temporally stable.
People with XX self-esteem reported having XX self-concept clarity
High, high
People XX in self-concept clarity tend to spend XX time actually thinking about the self
High, less
Low self-concept clarity is linked to poor body image. true/false
true
gratitude
Some people have little/lot to be grateful for BUT people also vary in their tendency to feel grateful
Gratitude appears to be a choice we make or don’t, in response to similar stimuli
gratitude consequences
Higher gratitude = higher life satisfaction, mood, self-esteem, personal growth, purpose in life
