Biotechnology

Question 1

DNA Technology

Answer 1

advanced scientific methods used to study, manipulate, and understand DNA

Question 2

Nucleic Acid Hybridization

Answer 2

the process where a DNA or RNA strands pairs with a complementary sequence, used to locate specific genes or sequences

Question 3

Genetic Engineering

Answer 3

The direct manipulation of genes using technology to produce new genetic combinations

Question 4

DNA Sequencing

Answer 4

Determing the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecules (A,T,C,G)

Question 5

Nanopore Sequencing

Answer 5

A dna sequencing method where DNA strands pass through a tiny pore, and the changes in electrical current identify each base

Question 6

Sequencing By synthesis

Answer 6

a common dna sequencing method that detects which nucleotide is added during replication in real time

Question 7

DNA Cloning

Answer 7

the process of making identical copies of DNA fragments, often using bacterial cells

Question 8

Plasmids

Answer 8

Small, circular pieces of bacterial DNA used as vectors to carry foreign genes during cloning

Question 9

Recombinant DNA molecules

Answer 9

DNA molecules that are artificially combined from different organisms (E.G. human gene inserted into bacteria)

Question 10

Restriction enzymes

Answer 10

Enzymes that cut DNA at specific sequences called restriction sites

Question 11

Restriction sites

Answer 11

Specific DNA sequences where restriction enzymes make their cuts

Question 12

Restriction Fragments

Answer 12

Pieces of DNA produced when restriction enzymes cut DNA molecules

Question 13

Sticky end

Answer 13

Short, single-stranded overhangs created by restriction enzymes that can bond with complementary DNA ends

Question 14

DNA Ligase

Answer 14

enzymes that seals breaks in the DNA backbone - joins sticky ends to form a continuous DNA molecule

Question 15

Gel electrophoresis

Answer 15

A laboratory method that separates DNA fragments by size using an electric field, smaller fragments move faster through gel

Question 16

Primers

Answer 16

Short DNA sequences that start DNA synthesis during PCR

Question 17

TAQ

Answer 17

A heat-stable enzyme used in PCR to copy DNA during repeated heating and cooling cycles

Question 18

Biotech

Answer 18

The use of biological processes and organisms to create useful products or technologies (e.g. medicine, agriculture, genetics)

Question 19

Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)

Answer 19

A variation at a single DNA base used in genetic profiling and disease research

Question 20

Gene Therapy

Answer 20

A treatment that involves replacing, fixing, or adding genes to correct genetic disorders

Question 21

Transgene

Answer 21

A foreign gene inserted into an organism’s genome

Question 22

Transgenic

Answer 22

An organism that contains DNA from another species (e.g., glow-in-the-dark mice, GM crops)

Question 23

Genetic Profile

Answer 23

A peron’s unique DNA pattern, often used in forensics or ancestry testing

Question 24

Short tandem Repeats

Answer 24

repeating sequences of DNA bases used for DNA fingerprinting and identifying individuals

Question 25

PCR

Answer 25

A technique used to amplify (make many copies of) specific DNA segments