The Cell

Question 1

Prokaryotic Cell

Answer 1

no nucleus, simple, bacteria & archaea

Question 2

Eukaryotic Cell

Answer 2

has nucleus, organells, plants, animals, fungi, protists

Question 3

Nucleotid

Answer 3

DNA region in prokaryotic cells

Question 4

Cytoplasm

Answer 4

Jelly-like fluid inside cells

Question 5

Plasma membrane

Answer 5

Semi-permeable membrane; controls entry/exit

Question 6

Phospholipid bilayer

Answer 6

Structure of plasma membrane (hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails)

Question 7

Fluid Mosaic Model

Answer 7

describes dynamic flexible nature of membranes

Question 8

Nucleus

Answer 8

Contains DNA; controls cell activity

Question 9

Nuclear Envelope

Answer 9

Double membrane around nucleus; pores regulate entry/exit

Question 10

Ribosomes

Answer 10

Make proteins (free in cytoplasms or on ER) Free ribosomes vs. Bound

Question 11

Endomembrane system

Answer 11

Includes ER, Golgi, lusosomes, Vacuoles

Question 12

ROUGH ER

Answer 12

has ribsomes; makes proteins

Question 13

Smooth ER

Answer 13

no ribosomes; makes lipids, detoxifies, metabolizes carbohydrates, stores calcium ions

Question 14

Golgi apparatus

Answer 14

modifies, sorts, ships proteins/lipids

Question 15

Lysosomes

Answer 15

break down waste & damaged organelles (contain enzymes)

Question 16

Vacuoles

Answer 16

storage (water, nutrients); large central vacuole in pants

Question 17

Mitochondria

Answer 17

Site of cellular respiration; makes ATP

Question 18

Chloroplasts

Answer 18

Site of photosynthesis (only in plants/algae)

Question 19

Cristae

Answer 19

Folds inner mitochondrial membrane

Question 20

Matrix

Answer 20

Spaces inside mitochondria

Question 21

Thylakoids

Answer 21

Membrane sacs in chloroplasts (photosynthesis)

Question 22

Granum

Answer 22

Stack of thylakoids

Question 23

Stroma

Answer 23

fluid outside thylkods in chloroplasts

Question 24

Plastids

Answer 24

plant organelles (e.g. chlorplasts, chromoplasts)

Question 25

Peroxisomes

Answer 25

break down fatty acids & detoxify substances

Question 26

Cytoskeleton

Answer 26

Network of fibers for support, movement, shape

Question 27

Microfilaments

Answer 27

Thin filaments (actin); helps with cell shape & movement

Question 28

Intermediate filaments

Answer 28

medium thickness, supports cell shape

Question 29

Microtubules

Answer 29

thick tubes; help in cell division, cilia/flagella movement

Question 30

Flagella

Answer 30

long tail; movement (e.g. spem)

Question 31

Cilia

Answer 31

(short numerousl move fluid or cell)

Question 32

Basal Body

Answer 32

(anchors cilia/flagella)

Question 33

Dynenin

Answer 33

motor protein; powers cilia/flagella movement

Question 34

Actin

Answer 34

protein that makes up microfilaments

Question 35

Cortex

Answer 35

outer layer of cytoplasm; supports membrane

Question 36

Myosin

Answer 36

motor protein that works with actin (muscle contraction)

Question 37

Pseudopodia

Answer 37

extensions of cytoplasm for movement (e.g. amoeba)

Question 38

Cytoplasmic streaming

Answer 38

flow of cytoplasm to distribute materials in plant cells.

Question 39

Cell Wall

Answer 39

rigid layer of outside plants (cellulose) Glycoproteins - proteins with sugars, found in extracellular matric

Question 40

Cellular Junctions

Answer 40

Cell Junctions (eukaryotic) -Tight Junctions (seal cells together) -Desmosomes (anchor cells together) -Gap junctions (channels for communication) -Plasmodesmata (channels between plant cells for communication)