What two central questions does physiology seek to answer
-  what is the mechanism by which a function is accomplished
-  how did that mechanism come to be?
How do the light producing cells in a fireflies light organ receive molecular oxygen?
 02 goes through branching gas-filled transport tubules 
What chemical compound first reacts with ATP to form luciferyl-AMP
Firefly luciferin - a benzothiazol
The combination of firefly luciferin with ATP produces what 
luciferyl-AMP
What is the limiting factor to boost electrons in an exciting state in fireflies.
O2 reaching the luciferyl-AMP
When does the firefly emit photons of light
After 02 can reach luciferyl- AMP which reacts and boost electrons in an exciting state that eventually return to the ground state emitting photons
What initial protein catalyst is required for a firefly to emit a photon of light
The enzyme firefly luciferase
What is happening when a firefly is not producing light 
The O2 that reaches the insect light cells via its gas transport tubules is intercepted by the mitochondria 
What is happening when a firefly produces light 
The nervous system is stimulated to bathe the mitochondria in nitric oxide (NO) which blocks the mitochondria from using O2, allowing O2 to react with a luciferyl- AMP 
What is the light organ at the posterior end of the fireflies abdomen?
Photuris pennsylvanica
How does O2 enter the firefly
 Through the pores on the surface of the insects body 
What is natural selection?
 the increase in frequency of genes that produce phenotypes that raise the likelihood that animals will survive and reproduce.
What is adaptation?
 a physiological mechanism or other trait that is a product of evolution by natural selection
What is adaptive significance
 Why natural selection favored the evolution of the trait 
What is comparative physiology
Comparison of the functional process across species
The synthetic study of the function of ALL animals
Major goal: compare systematically the ways that various sorts of animals carry out similar functions
What is environmental physiology (physiological ecology)
The study of how animals respond physiologically to environmental conditions and challenges
What is integrative physiology
The investigations with a deliberate emphasis on synthesis across levels of biological organization
Ex: the reseach on relations between molecular and anatomical organ features
What are the most important features of animals
- Animals are structurally dynamic
- Animals are oganized systems that require energy to maintain their organization
- Both time and body size are of fundamental significance in the lives of all animals
What is physiology governed by
The laws of science
What is an animal defined by
Its organization
What is the internal environment of an organism
The set of conditions
1. Temperature
2. pH
3. Sodium (Na+) concentration
Etc…
What is conformity
If an animal permits its internal and external conditions to be equal
What is regulation
If an animal maintains internal constancy in the face of external variability
The maintenance of internal conditions at an approximately constant level while external conditions vary
Which one demands more energy
Regulation or conformity
Regulation
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Chapter 149
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1.259
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1.343
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Lecture 1056
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Lecture 1123
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Lecture 1233
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Lecture 1330
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Lecture 1440
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Lecture 1545
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Lecture 1622
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Lecture 1721
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Lecture 1826
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Lecture 1932
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Lecture 2053
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Lecture 2136
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Lecture 2248
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lecture 2321
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lecture 2476
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lecture 2543
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lecture 2654
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Lecture 2741
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Lecture 2851
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lecture 2948
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Lecture 3046
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Lecture 3138
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Lecture 3230
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Psychedelics25
