Lecture 12

Question 1

What percentage of the body weight is water

Answer 1

60%

Question 2

What are protein functions

Answer 2

1. Structure
2. Metabolism
3. Transporter
4. Maintaining fluid balance
5. Contractile
6. Neuronal
7. Immune System
8. pH Buffer

Question 3

Where does protein structure come into play

Answer 3

Plasma membrane: integral and peripheral proteins
Collagen: Essential function in skin and connective tissue
Keratin: keeps skin, hair, and nails healthy and strong

Question 4

Describe proteins role in metabolism

Answer 4

enzymes
transport across plasma membrane

Question 5

Describe proteins role in Transport

Answer 5

hemoglobin
minerals
fatty acids
hormones
Ex) thyroxin

Question 6

Describe proteins role in maintaining fluid balance

Answer 6

albumin in blood

Question 7

Describe proteins contractile role

Answer 7

skeletal
cardiac
smooth muscles

Question 8

Describe proteins role in neuronal

Answer 8

ion channels
signal transduction cascades

Question 9

Describe proteins role in immune system

Answer 9

immunoglobins

Question 10

Describe proteins role as a pH buffer

Answer 10

donating or accepting hydrogen ions (Zwitterions)

Question 11

What is the Cα

Answer 11

Chiral carbon

Question 12

All _____ ______, except ______, are ____________ (D and L forms) with ____ being the naturally occurring form in plant and animals

Answer 12

amino acids
glycine
stereoisomers
L

Question 13

What type of chemical properties do R groups give amino acids

Answer 13

size
polarity
charge
bonding potential

Question 14

What are the 4 main roles of amino acids

Answer 14

1. building blocks of proteins
2. Precursors of Neurotransmitters
3. Precursors of Hormones
4. Amino acids serve as pH buffers

Question 15

how are amino acids used as building blocks of proteins

Answer 15

grown and development
repair of body tissues

Question 16

how are amino acids used as precursors of Neurotransmitters

Answer 16

Biogenic amines
*catecholamines –> Tyrosine
*Indoleamines –> Tryptophan
* Histamine –> Histidine

Question 17

how are amino acids used as precursors of hormones

Answer 17

Thyroid hormones –> Tyrosine

Question 18

how are amino acids used as pH buffer

Answer 18

as Zwitterions
donate or accept protons preventing drastic pH changes

Question 19

what bonds link amino acids

Answer 19

peptide bonds

Question 20

What are molecular Chaperones

Answer 20

class of proteins that assist in protein folding into their correct 3D shapes

Question 21

What are the most common amino acids in αhelical structures

Answer 21

MALEK

Question 22

What are the most common amino acids in βpleated sheets

Answer 22

THYVI

Question 23

What are essential amino acids

Answer 23

Cannot be synthesized by the body
must be supplied by diet
Essential in Adults: ILKMFTYV
Essential in children, not in healthy adults: Histidine

Question 24

What are nonessential amino acids

Answer 24

can be synthesized by the body
Arginine

Question 25

What are conditional amino acids

Answer 25

may or may not be needed depending on situations Ex) in illness, stress, or in developmental stages

Question 26

What are essential amino acids for domestic dogs and cats

Answer 26

Dogs: Histidine and arginine Cat: Taurine

Question 27

Describe AA in Legumes

Answer 27

Rich in Lysine and Tryptophan

Question 28

Describe AA in Corn

Answer 28

deficient in Lysine and Tryptophan

Question 29

Describe AA in Wheat

Answer 29

lacks essential Lysine, Threonine, Methionine

Question 30

What provides a balances amino acid profile

Answer 30

Quinoa

Question 31

What is deamination

Answer 31

removing an amino acid to form ammonia and a keto acid final step to eliminate excess nitrogen

Question 32

What is Transamination

Answer 32

transfers an amino group from an AA to a keto acid Forming a new AA and a new keto acid

Question 33

Describe the TCA cycle

Answer 33

Amphibolic