Heredity
The passing on of a characteristic genetically from one generation to another
Inherit
Derived genetically from one’s parents or ancestors
What were the hypothesis to explain results of breeding experiments
Blending and particulate inheritance
Blending inheritance
Hereditary determinants (genes) blend in the zygote; ink of different colors, lose their individuality -blending of paints
Particulate inheritance
Hereditary determinants (genes) are distinct
True breeding
A genetic cross in which the same result occurs every time with respect to the traits under consideration ; due to homozygous parents
Character
Observable heritable feature that may vary amount individuals (seed shape)
Trait
Specific variant of a character (round or wrinkled seeds); any heritable characteristic of an organism
Gene
A discreet unit of hereditary information consisting of a specific DNA nucleotide sequence; generally encodes information for building a polypeptide
Allele
A version of a gene (different allele = different trait) new alleles arise through mutations
Locus
A genes physical location of a chromosome
Monohybrid cross
A mating in which the parent different with respect to the alleles of only one locus of interest
P generation
Parents generation
F1
First filial generation; immediate progeny of a parents mating
F2
Second filial generation; immediate progeny of a mating between F1 members
Homozygous
In diploid organism, having identical alleles of a given gene on both homologous chromosomes
Heterozygous
In diploid organism, having different alleys of a given gene on the pair of homologs carrying that gene
Genotype
An exact description of the genetic makeup of an individual
Phenotype
The observable properties of an individual resulting from both genetic and environment factors
Mendel the —- is the result of the —-
Phenotype, genotype
Mendel the —- is the result of the —-
Phenotype, genotype
Dominant
Describes an allele that masks the phenotypic effect of the other (recessive) allele for the trait
Recessive
Describes an allele whose phenotypic effect is masked by a dominate allele for a trait
Human pedigrees
Family trees that show the occurrence of phenotypes in several generation of related individuals
