Chatper 4

Question 1

Neoleotide

Answer 1

The monomer that makes up nucleic acids

Question 2

What does a nucleotide consist of?

Answer 2

Pentose sugar, a phosphate group , nitrogen-containing base

Question 3

Nucleic acids . Specialize for?

Answer 3

Storage, transmission, and the use of genetic information

Question 4

RNA

Answer 4

Ribonucleic acid

Question 5

DNA

Answer 5

Deoxyribonucleic acid

Question 6

RNA bases are?

Answer 6

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, uracil

Question 7

DNA based are

Answer 7

Adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine

Question 8

RNA provide what?

Answer 8

Readable genetic language and enables genes to be expressed as proteins ( allows for the message to be in the right form to read to build the correct protein )

Question 9

DNA provides what?

Answer 9

Long-term genetic information storage, cambe easily copied and passed on to future generations

Question 10

RNA contains what sugar? How is it different from DNA

Answer 10

RNA contains ribose, one oxygen is attaché to each carbon atom

Question 11

DNA contains what sugar? How is it different than RNA

Answer 11

It containS deoxyribose, it lacking one oxygen

Question 12

What does the difference of one oxygen makes? ‘

Answer 12

. It makes it easily distinguishable by enzymes in biological systems

Question 13

What ave the two types of base?

Answer 13

Pyrimidine and purine

Question 14

Pyrimidines are

Answer 14

Cytosine, thymine, uracil

Question 15

Purines are

Answer 15

Adenine and guanine

Question 16

Complementary base pairing

Answer 16

Purines pair with pyrimidines by hydrogen bonds

Question 17

Adenine pairs with (DNA).

Answer 17

Thymine

Question 18

Adenine pairs with (RNA)

Answer 18

Uracil

Question 19

Cytosine pairs with

Answer 19

Guanine

Question 20

Nucleotides are linked by?

Answer 20

Phosphodiester bonds (covalent bonds)

Question 21

Nudeic acids grow in

Answer 21

5’ to 3’ direction

Question 22

RNA structure

Answer 22

Single stranded, but base pairings can happen between different regions of the molecule forming the 3D structure

Question 23

DNA structure

Answer 23

Two Strands form a double helix

Question 24

What is the same and difference between DNA molecules?

Answer 24

All DNA molecules have the same basic structure, but the sequence of base pairs differ

Question 25

Genetic information is carried in what?

Answer 25

The sequence of base pairs of a DNA molecule

Question 26

Replication

Answer 26

The process by which DNA molecule is copied

Question 27

Transcription

Answer 27

The synthesis of RNA using a DNA template

Question 28

Genes

Answer 28

The sequences of DNA that are transcribed into RNA

Question 29

Translation

Answer 29

The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an mRNA molecule; there is a change of “language” from nucleotide to amino acids

Question 30

Gene expression =

Answer 30

Transcription + translation

Question 31

DNA replication and transcription depend on what?

Answer 31

The base pairing properties of nucleic acids

Question 32

Genetic information is carried

Answer 32

In the sequence of base pairs of a DNA molecule

Question 33

Genome

Answer 33

A complete set of DNA in an organism

Question 34

Functions of a genome

Answer 34

Stores information in a stable form, provides continuity from generation to generation, Acts a as an instrument of evolutionary change

Question 35

Closely related species have more

Answer 35

Similar base sequences than species more distantly related

Question 36

For much of history people believed

Answer 36

The living things could come from non-living sources or decaying matter by spontaneous generation

Question 37

Louis Pasteur found what?

Answer 37

The microorganism can arise only from other microorganism, not by spontaneous generation but it didn’t say that it NEVER happened

Question 38

How did life first originate?

Answer 38

Chemical evolution Life came from outside earth

Question 39

Chemical evolution

Answer 39

Conditions on primitive Earth led to the formation of simple molecules which eventually led to life forms

Question 40

Life came from outside earth

Answer 40

Meteorites can contain purines, pyrimidines, and amino acids

Question 41

Protocells

Answer 41

A model for evolution of cell, lipid bilayer formed, sugars and small molecules could pass through the bilayer. Short nucleic acids strand that are capable of self-replication may have been present