NCCPT Exam > Chapter 16 > Flashcards

Chapter 16 Flashcards

Chronic conditions (81 cards)

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1
Q

What is a chronic condition?

A

A health condition or disease with long lasting effects

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2
Q

What is hypertension?

A

High blood pressure measuring 140/90 mm Hg or higher

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3
Q

What is blood pressure?

A

The force of blood pushing against artery walls

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4
Q

What is systolic blood pressure?

A

Pressure during ventricular contraction

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5
Q

What is diastolic blood pressure?

A

Pressure during ventricular filling

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6
Q

Why is hypertension dangerous?

A

It increases risk of heart disease and stroke

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7
Q

Why is hypertension called a silent condition?

A

It often has no symptoms

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8
Q

What are major risk factors for hypertension?

A

Obesity diabetes unhealthy diet inactivity alcohol and tobacco use

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9
Q

How does obesity increase hypertension risk?

A

It increases LDL cholesterol and arterial resistance

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10
Q

How does diabetes increase hypertension risk?

A

It damages blood vessels and reduces nitric oxide

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11
Q

How does high sodium intake affect blood pressure?

A

It increases water retention and vascular resistance

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12
Q

How does potassium help blood pressure?

A

It promotes sodium excretion and reduces vessel resistance

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13
Q

How does physical inactivity affect blood pressure?

A

It promotes weight gain and vascular dysfunction

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14
Q

How does alcohol increase blood pressure?

A

It promotes inflammation and vessel narrowing

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15
Q

How does smoking increase blood pressure?

A

It damages arteries and reduces oxygen delivery

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16
Q

What is postexercise hypotension (PEH)?

A

A temporary drop in blood pressure after exercise

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17
Q

What symptoms may accompany PEH?

A

Dizziness fatigue nausea fainting

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18
Q

What is a TEST TIP for hypertension terminology?

A

Hyper means high hypotension means low

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19
Q

What is diabetes?

A

A condition characterized by elevated blood glucose

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20
Q

What hormone regulates blood glucose?

A

Insulin

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21
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Allows glucose to enter cells for energy

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22
Q

What is hyperglycemia?

A

High blood glucose

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23
Q

What is hypoglycemia?

A

Low blood glucose

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24
Q

What is hemoglobin A1c?

A

A measure of long term blood glucose levels

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25
What are the three main types of diabetes?
Type 1 type 2 and gestational
26
What is type 1 diabetes?
An autoimmune condition where insulin is not produced
27
What percentage of diabetes cases are type 1?
About 5 percent
28
What is type 2 diabetes?
A metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance
29
What percentage of diabetes cases are type 2?
About 90 to 95 percent
30
What is gestational diabetes?
Elevated blood glucose during pregnancy
31
What is insulin resistance?
Impaired cellular response to insulin
32
How does exercise lower blood glucose?
Muscle contraction increases glucose uptake with or without insulin
33
Why does exercise improve insulin sensitivity?
Muscles use insulin more efficiently after activity
34
What type of exercise is safe for blood glucose control?
Low to moderate intensity aerobic and resistance exercise
35
Why should vigorous exercise be limited for some diabetic clients?
It may increase cardiovascular risk or injury
36
What are signs of hypoglycemia during exercise?
Shakiness sweating dizziness confusion hunger
37
What should diabetic clients have available during exercise?
Glucose source or insulin as prescribed
38
What is arthritis?
Inflammation of the joints
39
What is osteoarthritis?
Degenerative joint disease caused by wear and tear
40
Which joints are commonly affected by osteoarthritis?
Hands hips and knees
41
What is rheumatoid arthritis?
An autoimmune inflammatory joint disease
42
How does RA differ from osteoarthritis?
RA affects multiple joints bilaterally
43
What is fibromyalgia?
A chronic disorder involving widespread pain and fatigue
44
What causes fibromyalgia pain?
Abnormal pain perception processing
45
What is gout?
An inflammatory arthritis caused by uric acid buildup
46
What is a gout flare?
An active painful episode
47
What is remission?
A reduction or absence of symptoms
48
What are risk factors for arthritis?
Age sex obesity genetics overuse smoking and poor nutrition
49
How does obesity affect arthritis?
It increases joint load and cartilage breakdown
50
What nutrition factor worsens gout?
High purine foods and alcohol
51
What is hyperuricemia?
Excess uric acid in the blood
52
Is exercise safe for clients with arthritis?
Yes when properly programmed
53
What type of strength training is best initially?
Isometric exercises
54
Why are isometric exercises recommended first?
They minimize joint stress
55
What aerobic activities are joint friendly?
Walking cycling swimming water aerobics
56
Why are warm ups critical for arthritis?
They reduce stiffness and injury risk
57
What is a key TEST TIP for arthritis exercise?
Start low and go slow
58
What is coronary artery disease (CAD)?
Narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries
59
What causes CAD?
Atherosclerosis
60
What is atherosclerosis?
Buildup of plaque in artery walls
61
What is angina?
Chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart
62
What are major risk factors for heart disease?
Hypertension high cholesterol smoking obesity diabetes inactivity
63
Why is physical inactivity dangerous?
It promotes plaque buildup and weakens the heart
64
What role does diabetes play in heart disease?
High glucose damages blood vessels
65
What exercise benefit is most protective for heart disease?
Improved exercise capacity
66
What are warning signs of a heart attack?
Chest pain shortness of breath nausea cold sweats
67
What should a trainer do if heart attack symptoms appear?
Call 911 immediately
68
Why must trainers maintain CPR and AED certification?
Heart disease emergencies can occur during exercise
69
What is asthma?
A chronic respiratory disease involving airway inflammation
70
What happens during an asthma attack?
Airways constrict and airflow is reduced
71
What are common asthma triggers?
Smoke allergens pollution cold air exercise stress
72
What is exercise induced bronchoconstriction (EIB)?
Asthma symptoms triggered by exercise
73
What is GERD?
Acid reflux that can worsen asthma symptoms
74
What is COPD?
A chronic lung disease that may coexist with asthma
75
How does exercise benefit asthma?
It improves airway function quality of life and inflammation
76
Why should asthma clients warm up longer?
To reduce airway constriction
77
What environment considerations are important for asthma?
Avoid allergens pollutants cold dry air
78
What intensity should asthma clients avoid?
Above 80 percent VO2 max
79
What training modes are best for asthma?
Intermittent activities with rest periods
80
Why should asthma clients have an action plan?
To manage symptoms and emergencies
81
What is a TEST TIP for asthma care?
Always know where medications are kept
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