NCCPT Exam > Chapter 17 > Flashcards

Chapter 17 Flashcards

Lifespan populations (78 cards)

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1
Q

What are lifespan populations?

A

Groups of people with shared needs based on age development or condition

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2
Q

Why must training vary across the lifespan?

A

Physiological psychological and functional needs change with age

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3
Q

What are the main benefits of exercise for youth?

A

Improved motor skills health self esteem sleep and lifelong habits

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4
Q

What is childhood obesity?

A

Excessive accumulation of body fat that increases health risk

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5
Q

What lifestyle factor most contributes to childhood obesity?

A

Sedentary behavior and excessive screen time

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6
Q

What is screen time?

A

Time spent using electronic devices

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7
Q

What are motor skills?

A

The ability to move the body in a coordinated way

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8
Q

Why are motor skills critical in youth?

A

They support lifelong movement competence

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9
Q

What is a sensitive period?

A

A stage when children are especially responsive to learning new skills

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10
Q

What age group is considered young children?

A

Under 6 years old

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11
Q

What type of play is best for children under 6?

A

Unstructured play focused on gross motor skills

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12
Q

What are gross motor skills?

A

Movements using large muscle groups

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13
Q

What coaching style works best for children under 6?

A

Encouraging playful and minimally structured

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14
Q

What age group is considered children?

A

6 to 10 years old

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15
Q

What physical focus is appropriate for ages 6 to 10?

A

Developing balance coordination and basic strength

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16
Q

What psychological traits define ages 6 to 10?

A

High self esteem eagerness to learn and social comparison

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17
Q

What training approach works best for ages 6 to 10?

A

Fun skill based activities with guidance

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18
Q

What age group is considered adolescents?

A

11 to 19 years old

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19
Q

What physiological changes occur during adolescence?

A

Growth spurts hormonal changes and coordination challenges

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20
Q

What is puberty?

A

Hormonal period when sexual maturity is reached

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21
Q

What psychological traits define adolescents?

A

Egocentrism imaginary audience and identity development

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22
Q

What training is appropriate for adolescents?

A

Structured resistance aerobic and skill specific training

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23
Q

What is egocentrism?

A

Thinking primarily about oneself

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24
Q

What is imaginary audience?

A

Belief that others are constantly watching

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25
What are key differences between children and adults during exercise?
Higher heart rates faster breathing and greater dehydration risk
26
Why are children more prone to dehydration?
Greater skin surface area and lower blood volume
27
Why must youth exercise be supervised?
To ensure safety proper technique and progression
28
What is FitnessGram?
A noncompetitive youth fitness assessment system
29
What areas does FitnessGram assess?
Aerobic capacity strength endurance flexibility and body composition
30
What is the PACER test?
A progressive shuttle run aerobic assessment for youth
31
What is senescence?
The biological process of aging
32
What is chronological age?
Number of years lived
33
What is functional capacity?
Ability to perform activities of daily living
34
What are activities of daily living?
Routine tasks like walking lifting bathing and standing
35
Why is functional training important for older adults?
It supports independence and quality of life
36
What is sarcopenia?
Age related loss of muscle mass
37
What is dynapenia?
Age related loss of muscle strength
38
What is frailty?
Increased vulnerability due to age related decline
39
What are comorbidities?
Multiple chronic conditions occurring together
40
What chronic conditions commonly affect older adults?
Heart disease diabetes arthritis osteoporosis and hypertension
41
What is osteoporosis?
A condition causing weak brittle bones
42
What type of exercise helps prevent osteoporosis?
Load bearing and resistance exercise
43
What exercises are contraindicated for osteoporosis?
High impact and excessive spinal loading
44
What is a key TEST TIP for senior fitness?
Maintaining fitness is considered success
45
Why is maintenance a success for seniors?
It prevents normal age related decline
46
What is the Functional Fitness Test for Seniors?
A safe assessment battery for older adults
47
Why is 1RM testing avoided in seniors?
High injury risk
48
What are core elements of senior fitness?
Cardiorespiratory strength flexibility balance and mental activity
49
How often should seniors perform aerobic exercise?
150 minutes moderate or 75 minutes vigorous per week
50
Why is balance training essential for seniors?
It reduces fall risk
51
What is pregnancy?
The period of carrying a developing fetus
52
Can women exercise during pregnancy?
Yes with medical clearance
53
What is the recommended weekly exercise volume during pregnancy?
150 minutes of moderate intensity exercise
54
What hormones increase during pregnancy?
Progesterone and relaxin
55
What is relaxin?
A hormone that increases joint laxity
56
Why does relaxin affect exercise programming?
It increases injury risk due to joint instability
57
What is orthostatic hypotension?
Drop in blood pressure when changing position
58
Why should pregnant women avoid prolonged supine positions?
It can reduce blood flow to the fetus
59
What is diastasis?
Separation of abdominal muscles during pregnancy
60
What core exercises are safe during pregnancy?
Pelvic tilts bracing bird dog and modified planks
61
What are absolute contraindications to prenatal exercise?
Placenta previa preeclampsia premature labor and uncontrolled conditions
62
What are relative contraindications during pregnancy?
Anemia obesity hypertension and orthopedic limitations
63
What is gestational diabetes?
Temporary diabetes during pregnancy
64
What is adaptive fitness?
Fitness programming designed for individuals with disabilities
65
What is a disability?
A physical or mental condition limiting activity
66
What is impairment?
Loss or abnormality of structure or function
67
What is activity limitation?
Difficulty performing a task
68
What are participation restrictions?
Barriers to involvement in life situations
69
What law protects people with disabilities?
Americans with Disabilities Act
70
What is inclusion?
Recognizing inherent worth and ensuring access for all
71
What is adaptive physical fitness?
Designing fitness programs that accommodate abilities
72
What is the primary goal of adaptive fitness?
Accessibility participation and health improvement
73
How should trainers approach adaptive fitness?
Modify environment exercises and expectations
74
Is fitness programming fundamentally different for disabilities?
No the principles remain the same
75
What is a key psychological consideration in adaptive fitness?
Respect identity autonomy and readiness
76
What is congenital disability?
A condition present at birth
77
What role does enjoyment play in adaptive youth fitness?
It is the most important factor
78
What benefits does fitness provide regardless of disability?
Reduced disease risk improved confidence and quality of life
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