NCCPT Exam > Chapter 7 > Flashcards

Chapter 7 Flashcards

Client Assessments (73 cards)

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1
Q

What is the purpose of a client assessment?

A

To establish baseline data identify risks and guide program design

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2
Q

What is informed consent?

A

Client permission given after risks procedures and purpose are explained

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3
Q

What is a contraindication?

A

A condition that prevents an assessment or activity

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4
Q

What is the PAR-Q?

A

A pre participation health screening questionnaire

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5
Q

What does a yes answer on the PAR-Q require?

A

Medical clearance before exercise

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6
Q

What is a relative contraindication?

A

Exercise may be modified with caution

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7
Q

What is an absolute contraindication?

A

Exercise should not be performed

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8
Q

What is resting heart rate?

A

Number of heartbeats per minute at rest

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9
Q

What does a lower resting heart rate indicate?

A

Higher cardiovascular efficiency

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10
Q

What is resting blood pressure?

A

Pressure exerted by blood on arterial walls at rest

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11
Q

What blood pressure value is considered hypertensive?

A

140/90 mm Hg or higher

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12
Q

What is hypotension?

A

Blood pressure below 90/60 mm Hg

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13
Q

When should blood pressure assessment be stopped?

A

If client reports dizziness pain or discomfort

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14
Q

What is BMI?

A

Body mass index

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15
Q

What does BMI measure?

A

Weight relative to height

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16
Q

What is the BMI formula?

A

Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared

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17
Q

What is a limitation of BMI?

A

Does not distinguish fat mass from lean mass

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18
Q

What is body composition?

A

Ratio of fat mass to lean mass

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19
Q

What is waist circumference used to assess?

A

Health risk related to fat distribution

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20
Q

What waist circumference indicates increased risk for men?

A

Greater than 40 inches

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21
Q

What waist circumference indicates increased risk for women?

A

Greater than 35 inches

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22
Q

What is waist to hip ratio?

A

Comparison of waist circumference to hip circumference

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23
Q

What is the WHR formula?

A

Waist circumference divided by hip circumference

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24
Q

What WHR indicates increased risk for men?

A

Greater than 0.90

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25
What WHR indicates increased risk for women?
Greater than 0.85
26
What is posture assessment?
Evaluation of static body alignment
27
What is ideal posture?
Balanced alignment with minimal stress on joints
28
What is a postural deviation?
Departure from optimal alignment
29
What is the kinetic chain?
Interconnected system of joints and muscles
30
What happens when one link of the kinetic chain is dysfunctional?
Compensations occur elsewhere
31
What is a closed kinetic chain?
Distal segment is fixed
32
What is an open kinetic chain?
Distal segment is free to move
33
What is movement assessment?
Evaluation of dynamic movement patterns
34
What is the purpose of movement assessment?
Identify compensations and injury risk
35
What is a muscle imbalance?
Disproportionate strength or length between muscles
36
What is tight muscle?
Overactive shortened muscle
37
What is weak muscle?
Underactive lengthened muscle
38
What does anterior pelvic tilt indicate?
Tight hip flexors and lumbar extensors
39
What muscles are commonly tight with anterior pelvic tilt?
Hip flexors and erector spinae
40
What muscles are commonly weak with anterior pelvic tilt?
Gluteals and abdominals
41
What is upper crossed syndrome?
Postural imbalance affecting neck and shoulders
42
What muscles are tight in upper crossed syndrome?
Upper trapezius levator scapulae pectorals
43
What muscles are weak in upper crossed syndrome?
Deep cervical flexors and lower trapezius
44
What is lower crossed syndrome?
Postural imbalance affecting pelvis and hips
45
What is kyphosis?
Excessive thoracic spine curvature
46
What is lordosis?
Excessive lumbar spine curvature
47
What is scoliosis?
Lateral curvature of the spine
48
What does a forward head posture indicate?
Weak deep neck flexors and tight cervical extensors
49
What is Table 7.13 used to assess?
Anterior postural malalignments
50
In anterior view what indicates internally rotated shoulders?
Tight pectorals and weak external rotators
51
In anterior view what does knee valgus suggest?
Weak gluteus medius and tight adductors
52
In anterior view what does externally rotated feet suggest?
Tight lateral rotators and weak medial stabilizers
53
In anterior view what does pronated feet indicate?
Weak intrinsic foot muscles and tight calf muscles
54
What is Table 7.14 used to assess?
Posterior postural malalignments
55
In posterior view what indicates elevated shoulders?
Tight upper trapezius and levator scapulae
56
In posterior view what does scapular winging suggest?
Weak serratus anterior
57
In posterior view what does uneven hips indicate?
Muscle imbalance or leg length discrepancy
58
In posterior view what does spinal deviation suggest?
Possible scoliosis or muscular imbalance
59
What is balance assessment?
Evaluation of postural control
60
What does poor balance indicate?
Neuromuscular or proprioceptive deficits
61
What is flexibility assessment?
Measurement of joint range of motion
62
What is active flexibility?
ROM produced by muscle contraction
63
What is passive flexibility?
ROM produced by external force
64
Why is active flexibility preferred?
Lower injury risk
65
What is cardiorespiratory assessment?
Evaluation of aerobic fitness
66
What is a submaximal test?
Assessment estimating fitness without maximal effort
67
Why are submaximal tests used?
Safer for general population
68
What is muscular strength?
Maximum force a muscle can produce
69
Why is 1RM testing limited?
Higher injury risk
70
What is muscular endurance?
Ability to sustain repeated contractions
71
Why is assessment order important?
Fatigue alters results
72
What is proper assessment order?
Non fatiguing to fatiguing
73
Why is reassessment important?
Track progress and adjust programs
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