NCCPT Exam > Chapter 4 > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Flashcards

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1
Q

How many organ systems are in the human body?

A

11

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2
Q

Which three systems primarily generate movement?

A

Nervous muscular and skeletal

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3
Q

Which supporting systems directly affect exercise response?

A

Respiratory circulatory and endocrine

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4
Q

What is the primary function of the circulatory system?

A

Transport oxygen nutrients and waste

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5
Q

What structures make up the circulatory system?

A

Heart blood vessels and blood

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6
Q

What type of system is the circulatory system?

A

Closed system

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7
Q

What do arteries carry?

A

Oxygenated blood away from the heart

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8
Q

What do veins carry?

A

Blood toward the heart

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9
Q

Where does gas and nutrient exchange occur?

A

Capillaries

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10
Q

What are arterioles?

A

Small branches of arteries leading to capillaries

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11
Q

What are venules?

A

Small branches of veins gathering blood from capillaries

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12
Q

What are the four chambers of the heart?

A

Right atrium right ventricle left atrium left ventricle

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13
Q

Which chamber receives deoxygenated blood from the body?

A

Right atrium

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14
Q

Which vessel carries blood from the heart to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary artery

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15
Q

Which vessel returns oxygenated blood to the heart?

A

Pulmonary vein

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16
Q

What is the aorta?

A

Main artery supplying oxygenated blood to the body

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17
Q

What is pulmonary circulation?

A

Blood flow between heart and lungs

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18
Q

What is systemic circulation?

A

Blood flow between heart and body

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19
Q

What is systole?

A

Contraction phase of the heartbeat

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20
Q

What is diastole?

A

Relaxation phase of the heartbeat

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21
Q

What is the SA node?

A

Natural pacemaker of the heart

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22
Q

What is the AV node?

A

Node that relays impulse to ventricles

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23
Q

What is stroke volume?

A

Blood pumped per heartbeat by left ventricle

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24
Q

What is heart rate?

A

Number of beats per minute

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25
Where is heart rate regulated?
Medulla oblongata
26
Where is the radial pulse located?
Wrist
27
Where is the carotid pulse located?
Neck
28
What is normal blood pressure?
Less than 120/80 mm Hg
29
What is hypotension?
Blood pressure 90/60 mm Hg or lower
30
What is hypertension?
Blood pressure 140/90 mm Hg or higher
31
Which number represents systolic pressure?
Top number
32
Which number represents diastolic pressure?
Bottom number
33
What are the four factors affecting blood pressure?
Cardiac output blood volume peripheral resistance blood viscosity
34
What percentage of blood is plasma?
55 to 60 percent
35
What cells carry oxygen?
Red blood cells
36
What is the primary function of platelets?
Blood clotting
37
What is the primary role of white blood cells?
Immune response
38
Which white blood cell is most numerous?
Neutrophil
39
What system regulates tissue fluid balance?
Lymphatic system
40
What fluid flows through the lymphatic system?
Lymph
41
What percentage of capillary fluid returns via lymph?
Approximately 90 percent
42
What are the main lymphatic organs?
Lymph nodes spleen thymus tonsils
43
What is the function of lymph nodes?
Filter lymph and remove pathogens
44
What is the spleen’s function?
Filters blood and stores blood
45
What is the thymus responsible for?
Maturation of T lymphocytes
46
What is the primary function of the respiratory system?
Gas exchange
47
What structures make up the respiratory system?
Nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs
48
What is pulmonary ventilation?
Breathing
49
What is inspiration?
Breathing air into the lungs
50
What is expiration?
Breathing air out of the lungs
51
What muscle drives breathing?
Diaphragm
52
Is inspiration active or passive?
Active
53
Is expiration active or passive?
Passive
54
Where does external respiration occur?
Alveoli
55
What is external respiration?
Gas exchange between lungs and blood
56
What is internal respiration?
Gas exchange between blood and cells
57
What system uses hormones for regulation?
Endocrine system
58
What are hormones?
Chemical messengers released by glands
59
What are endocrine glands?
Ductless hormone secreting glands
60
What are exocrine glands?
Glands releasing substances through ducts
61
What is a negative feedback loop?
Hormone response that inhibits further release
62
Which gland is the master regulator?
Pituitary gland
63
Which gland regulates metabolism?
Thyroid
64
Which gland secretes melatonin?
Pineal gland
65
Which gland regulates blood glucose?
Pancreas
66
What hormone increases muscle size?
Testosterone
67
What hormone stimulates growth and fat breakdown?
Growth hormone
68
What hormone lowers blood glucose?
Insulin
69
What hormone raises blood glucose?
Glucagon
70
What hormone is catabolic and stress related?
Cortisol
71
What hormones are fight or flight hormones?
Catecholamines
72
What system breaks down food for energy?
Digestive system
73
Is the digestive system open or closed?
Open system
74
What is peristalsis?
Wave-like contractions moving food
75
What is the function of the mouth in digestion?
Chewing mixing swallowing temperature regulation
76
What is a bolus?
Moistened mass of food
77
What is the function of the stomach?
Storage mixing and protein digestion
78
What substance protects the stomach lining?
Mucus
79
What acid aids protein digestion?
Hydrochloric acid
80
What is chyme?
Partially digested stomach contents
81
What are the three sections of the small intestine?
Duodenum jejunum ileum
82
Where does most nutrient absorption occur?
Jejunum and ileum
83
What structures increase intestinal surface area?
Villi
84
What absorbs dietary fats in villi?
Lacteals
85
What is the function of the large intestine?
Water absorption and waste storage
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