Chapter 3

Question 1

What are the three primary organ systems responsible for human movement?

Answer 1

Nervous system muscular system and skeletal system

Question 2

What is the command center of the body for movement?

Answer 2

The nervous system

Question 3

What structures make up the nervous system?,

Answer 3

Brain spinal cord and nerves

Question 4

What is nervous tissue responsible for?,

Answer 4

Sensing analyzing interpreting information and responding appropriately

Question 5

What are neurons?,

Answer 5

Cells that transmit signals to neurons muscles or glands

Question 6

What is a synapse?

Answer 6

,The neural junction where signals are relayed between neurons

Question 7

What are neuroglia?,

Answer 7

Cells that support insulate and protect neurons

Question 8

What do neurosecretory tissues do?

Answer 8

,Translate neural signals into chemical stimuli

Question 9

What are the three main parts of a neuron?

Answer 9

Cell body axon and dendrites

Question 10

What is the function of the axon?

Answer 10

,Conducts nerve impulses

Question 11

What is the function of dendrites?

Answer 11

Receive and process signals from other neurons

Question 12

What are the three types of neurons?

Answer 12

,Sensory motor and interneurons

Question 13

What do sensory neurons do?

Answer 13

,Send information to the brain and spinal cord

Question 14

What do motor neurons do?

Answer 14

Initiate muscle contraction or activate glands

Question 15

What do interneurons do?

Answer 15

,Connect neurons to other neurons

Question 16

What are the two divisions of the nervous system?

Answer 16

,Central nervous system and peripheral nervous system

Question 17

What structures make up the CNS?,

Answer 17

Brain and spinal cord

Question 18

What is the function of the CNS?

Answer 18

,Organize analyze and process information

Question 19

What structures make up the PNS?,

Answer 19

Cranial and spinal nerves

Question 20

How many cranial nerves are there?

Answer 20

12

Question 21

How many spinal nerves are there?

Answer 21

31

Question 22

What is a reflex?,

Answer 22

An involuntary reaction processed in the spinal cord

Question 23

What are afferent neurons?

Answer 23

,Sensory neurons sending information to the CNS

Question 24

What are efferent neurons?,

Answer 24

Motor neurons sending information from the CNS

Question 25

What does the somatic nervous system control?

Answer 25

,Voluntary movement

Question 26

What does the autonomic nervous system control?

Answer 26

,Involuntary movement

Question 27

What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system?,

Answer 27

Sympathetic and parasympathetic

Question 28

What is the function of the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 28

,Fight or flight response

Question 29

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?,

Answer 29

Rest and digest response

Question 30

What is proprioception?

Answer 30

,Awareness of body movement and position

Question 31

What are mechanoreceptors?,

Answer 31

Receptors responding to mechanical stimuli

Question 32

What are the three types of mechanoreceptors?

Answer 32

,Tactile proprioceptors and baroreceptors

Question 33

What is a motor unit?

Answer 33

,A motor neuron and the muscle fibers it controls

Question 34

What is a motor unit pool?

Answer 34

,A group of motor units working together

Question 35

What is excitation contraction coupling?

Answer 35

,Conversion of a neural impulse into a mechanical response

Question 36

What is an action potential?

Answer 36

,An electrical signal caused by a neural impulse

Question 37

What is the all or none principle?,

Answer 37

A neuron fires fully or not at all once threshold is reached

Question 38

What are the three types of muscle tissue?

Answer 38

,Cardiac smooth and skeletal

Question 39

What type of muscle tissue is involuntary and striated?

Answer 39

,Cardiac muscle

Question 40

What type of muscle tissue moves internal organs?

Answer 40

,Smooth muscle

Question 41

What type of muscle tissue produces voluntary movement?

Answer 41

,Skeletal muscle

Question 42

What are myofibrils?

Answer 42

,Parallel filaments that form muscle fibers

Question 43

What proteins make up myofilaments?

Answer 43

,Actin and myosin

Question 44

What is a sarcomere?

Answer 44

,The contractile unit of muscle

Question 45

What is the sliding filament theory?

Answer 45

,Actin and myosin slide to cause muscle contraction

Question 46

What are the two main muscle fiber types?

Answer 46

,Slow twitch and fast twitch

Question 47

What are type I muscle fibers?

Answer 47

,Slow twitch fatigue resistant fibers

Question 48

What are type II muscle fibers?

Answer 48

,Fast twitch power producing fibers

Question 49

What is the size principle of recruitment?

Answer 49

,Motor units are recruited from smallest to largest

Question 50

What are the three muscle actions?

Answer 50

,Concentric eccentric and isometric

Question 51

Which muscle action is strongest?

Answer 51

,Eccentric

Question 52

What is the stretch shortening cycle?

Answer 52

,Rapid eccentric loading followed by concentric action

Question 53

How many bones are in the human body?

Answer 53

206

Question 54

What are the two divisions of the skeleton?

Answer 54

,Axial and appendicular

Question 55

How many bones are in the axial skeleton?

Answer 55

80

Question 56

How many bones are in the appendicular skeleton?

Answer 56

126

Question 57

What are the five types of bones?

Answer 57

,Flat short long sesamoid and irregular

Question 58

What is Wolff's law?

Answer 58

,Bones adapt to the loads placed upon them

Question 59

What are the three types of joints?

Answer 59

,Fibrous cartilaginous and synovial

Question 60

Which joint type is most movable?

Answer 60

Synovial joints

Question 61

What is a hinge joint?

Answer 61

,A joint allowing movement in one plane

Question 62

What is a ball and socket joint?

Answer 62

,A joint allowing movement in multiple directions

Question 63

What is a close packed joint position?

Answer 63

,The most stable joint position