Chapter 2 Biology

Question 1

Matter

Answer 1

anything that occupies space (volume) and has mass

Question 2

Mass

Answer 2

how much stuff is in something

Question 3

Element

Answer 3

a pure substance composed of only one kind of atom

Question 4

Compound

Answer 4

a pure substance composed of more than one kind of atom in a fixed mathematical ratio

Question 5

Example of a compound

Answer 5

H2O

Question 6

Carbon

Answer 6

C

Question 7

Hydrogen

Answer 7

H

Question 8

Nitrogen

Answer 8

n

Question 9

Oxygen

Answer 9

O

Question 10

Phosphorus

Answer 10

P

Question 11

Sulfur

Answer 11

S

Question 12

Helium

Answer 12

He

Question 13

Lithium

Answer 13

Li

Question 14

aluminum

Answer 14

Al

Question 15

Magnesium

Answer 15

Mg

Question 16

Calcium

Answer 16

Ca

Question 17

Potassium

Answer 17

K

Question 18

Sodium

Answer 18

Na

Question 19

Iron

Answer 19

Fe

Question 20

Manganese

Answer 20

Mn

Question 21

Copper

Answer 21

Cu

Question 22

Silver

Answer 22

Ag

Question 23

Gold

Answer 23

Au

Question 24

Tin

Answer 24

Sn

Question 25

Lead

Answer 25

Pb

Question 26

Zinc

Answer 26

Zn

Question 27

Chlorine

Answer 27

Cl

Question 28

Iodine

Answer 28

I

Question 29

Uranium

Answer 29

U

Question 30

Atom

Answer 30

the smallest particle of an element that has the properties of that element; the unit of which elements are made

Question 31

Proton

Answer 31

1 amu, positive charge, in the nucleus

Question 32

Neutron

Answer 32

1 amu, neutral charge, in the nucleus

Question 33

Electron

Answer 33

Negligible weight, negative charge, in the electron cloud

Question 34

What makes the atomic mass?

Answer 34

number of protons and neutrons

Question 35

How many electrons can the inner shell hold?

Answer 35

2

Question 36

How many electrons can the outer shells hold?

Answer 36

8

Question 37

Atomic number

Answer 37

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 38

Electron Configuration

Answer 38

A shorthand description of how electrons are arranged in the shells around the nucleus of an atom

Question 39

What is the mass number?

Answer 39

Number of protons plus number of neutrons

Question 40

What is chemical bonding?

Answer 40

the chemical linking of two or more atoms together to form chemical compounds or molecules

Question 41

What do chemical reactions enable?

Answer 41

they enable atoms to give up or acquire electrons so that their outer energy shells are fully completed

Question 42

Do chemical bonds require energy to be made and to release energy when they are broken?

Answer 42

yes

Question 43

Ionic Bond

Answer 43

a bond that makes an atom lose electrons, loosely held together

Question 44

Ion

Answer 44

an atom that has gained or lost an electron and has become charged

Question 45

What is an ion known as?

Answer 45

a charged particle

Question 46

What is the rule for ionic bonds?

Answer 46

they only form if they lose 1,2,3 electrons or gain

Question 47

How would you know if an ionic bond is positive or negative?

Answer 47

if an ionic bond gains an electron, it becomes negative, and if it loses a few, it becomes positive

Question 48

Covalent bond

Answer 48

the linking of 2 or more atoms by sharing electrons, stronger than ionic bonds

Question 49

how strong are covalent bonds?

Answer 49

stronger than ionic bonds, which means they contain a large amount of energy that can be released when the bond is broken

Question 49

When do covalent bonds form?

Answer 49

when an atom has 4,5, or 6 valence electrons (except for hydrogen)

Question 50

Molecular formula

Answer 50

Shows the composition of molecule of a compound, ex.) CH4 (methane)

Question 51

how many bonds does carbon need?

Answer 51

4

Question 52

How many bonds does hydrogen need

Answer 52

1

Question 53

How many bonds does oxygen need?

Answer 53

2

Question 54

How many bonds does nitrogen need?

Answer 54

3

Question 55

Single bond

Answer 55

Represents one pair of electrons shared between two atoms (-)

Question 56

Double bond

Answer 56

represents two pairs of electrons shared between two atoms (=)

Question 57

Triple bond

Answer 57

Represents three pairs of electrons shared between two atoms (three lines over each other)

Question 58

Isomer

Answer 58

molecules that have the same molecular formula, but have different structural formulas

Question 59

What numbers of valence electrons make IONIC bonds

Answer 59

1, 2, 3, and 7

Question 60

What numbers of valence electrons form COVALENT bonds

Answer 60

4, 5, 6

Question 61

What does the prefix inter mean?

Answer 61

between

Question 62

What does the prefix intra mean?

Answer 62

inside

Question 63

Intermolecular bond

Answer 63

holds two different molecules

Question 64

Hydrogen bond

Answer 64

a weak, intermolecular bond between hydrogen and another polar molecule

Question 65

Polar

Answer 65

negatively charged

Question 66

Non-polar

Answer 66

No charge

Question 67

Polarity

Answer 67

when a molecule had two areas of different charges (positive and negative)

Question 68

What charge is water?

Answer 68

neutral

Question 69

What causes water to be polar in nature?

Answer 69

oxygen, which is very electronegative

Question 70

Electronegativity

Answer 70

when an atom REALLY wants electrons

Question 71

Solution

Answer 71

a homogeneous mixture

Question 72

Solute

Answer 72

thing being dissolved

Question 73

Solvent

Answer 73

doing the dissolving (liquid)

Question 74

aqueous solution

Answer 74

when water is the solvent

Question 75

What does the prefix amphi mean

Answer 75

two or both

Question 76

Hydrophobic

Answer 76

non-polar, dislikes water

Question 77

Hydrophilic

Answer 77

likes water, polar

Question 78

Amphipathic

Answer 78

has hydrophobic and hydrophilic parts

Question 79

Is oxygen polar or non-polar

Answer 79

polar

Question 80

What do phospholipids make up?

Answer 80

our cell membrane

Question 81

Why don't non-polar compounds like fats and oils dissolve in water

Answer 81

they aren’t attracted to one another

Question 82

What does likes dissolve likes mean

Answer 82

polar dissolves polar, non-polar dissolves non-polar