1
Q
Did black Africans fight in world war 1?
A
Yes
2
Q
What did black Africans hope fighting in world war 1 would get them and did they get it?
A
they thought they’d get independence but they didnt
3
Q
What did Germany get from the peace settlement after WW1
A
they got their colonies taken away and given to France and Britain
4
Q
What were Africans taught in school?
A
Western ideals like independence
5
Q
Where did some African students learn about freedom and nationalism?
A
In WW1 and schools abroad
6
Q
What reform movement took place in Kenya? (About what)
A
land redistribution
7
Q
What did Kenyans do in response to their land being given away to white settlers?
A
they squatted on the land
8
Q
What was the Kikuyu Association
A
an association formed in 1920 by farmers looking to block land confiscation that was willing to work with colonial structure
9
Q
Did reforms stay popular in the 1930s? Why
A
no because they called for independence instead
10
Q
Who called for independence in Africa? (not specific person)
A
young African leaders who usually studied abroad
11
Q
Who influenced African students abroad?
A
Du Bois and Marcus Garvey
12
Q
Who was W.E.B. Du Bois?
A
leader of a movement that tried to make Africans aware of cultural heritage
13
Q
Who was Marcus Garvey
A
A Jamaican in NYC who called for the unity of all Africans
14
Q
Who was Jomo Kenyatta
A
a Kenyan leader who argued with his book that British rule destroyed African culture, studied in UK
15
Q
Who was Leopold Senghor
A
African leader educated in France that organized an independence movement in Senegal
16
Q
Who was Nnamdi Azikiwe
A
Nigerian leader who urged nonviolence as a method to gain independence
17
Q
Around what time were most African nations freed?
A
50s and 60s
18
Q
When was the Gold Coast freed
A
1957
19
Q
What was the first British colony to gain independence?
A
Gold Coast/Ghana
20
Q
who named the Gold Coast Ghana
A
Kwame Nkrumah
21
Q
When was Belgian Congo/DRC freed?
A
1960
22
Q
When did Portugal free Mozambique and Angola?
A
1975
23
Q
Who dominated politics in South Africa?
A
whites (Afrikaners)
24
Q
When was the ANC founded?
A
1912
25
What was the goal of the ANC
Economic and political reform
26
What was apartheid
a legal system that segregated South Africans by race
27
When did the Sharpeville Massacre occur?
1960
28
What was the Sharpeville Massacre?
a massacre where police opened fire on peaceful protestors
29
When was Nelson Mandela arrested?
1962
30
What did Nelson Mandela’s arrest lead the ANC to call for?
An armed resistance to the white government
31
What is Pan-Africanism
the idea of unity between all black Africans
32
What did Kwame Nkrumah hope for
a Pan-African union made of all African nations
33
What was the OAU (Organization of African Unity)
an organization that supported African groups against colonialism and was a front against Cold War influences
34
How many states made up the OAU
32
35
When was the OAU founded
1963
36
Where did most independent states get their leaders? (Social class)
from the urban middle class
37
What countries followed Soviet-style communism?
Angola and Mozambique
38
What type of government did most wish for?
democratic
39
Between 1957 and 1982, about how many leaders were overthrown?
around 70
40
Did single party rule stop in the 1990s?
no
41
Did the OAU’s push for non-alignment work?
no
42
What countries were drawn to proxy wars in the Cold war?
Angola, Somalia, and the Congo
43
What caused Congo to stay underdeveloped?
proxy wars
44
Who was Congo’s chief of staff?
Joseph Mobutu
45
What year did Joseph Mobutu start a coup for control
1965
46
What was Mobutu economically
capitalist
47
Did Mobutu allow political parties
no
48
What did Liberia rely on (resource)
rubber
49
what resource did Nigeria depend on
oil
50
What disease slowed African development
HIV/AIDS
51
Why did ethnic wars occur in Africa?
Because Europe didn’t care about that and measured countries by pen and paper not by ethnic groups
52
What ethnic groups in Burundi and Rwanda fought (before independence)
the Hutu and Tutsi
53
why did the Hutu resent the Tutsi
because the Belgian gave them better jobs and education
54
How many Tutsi died to Hutu in 1994?
500k
55
When was Nelson Mandela elected
1994
56
When was Nelson Mandela arrested and for how long?
1962 for 26 years
57
Did Mandela accept conditional freedom in 1985?
No
58
Who helped to get Mandela freed?
Nobel Peace Prize winner Bishop Desmond Tutu
59
What year was Nelson Mandela released from prison?
1990
60
In 1993, who agreed to hold democratic elections in South Africa?
de Klerk
61
What percent of Africans live outside of major cities?
60%
62
How do rural Africans live?
like their ancestors and without modern necessities
63
What do rural people think about urban people
they think its untraditional
64
Between 1880 and 1900, what did European rulers do?
They rushed for African territory
65
What made Europeans so interested in West Africa?
the resources like peanuts, timber, hides, and palm oil
66
What was the first British territory in Africa
Gold Coast
67
What did Britain make their protectorate in the late 1800s
Nigeria
68
What did Germany control in Africa?
Togo, Cameroon, German Southwest Africa and German East Africa
69
Who seized power of Egypt in 1805
An Ottoman officer named Muhammad Ali
70
What reforms did Muhammad Ali bring to Egypt
modernized the army, public schools system, and small industries
71
When was the Suez Canal completed
1869
72
Who bought Egypt's share of the Suez Canal?
Britain
73
How did Egypt's revolt against Britain go? What did it result in?
It failed and Britain suppressed it and Egypt got annexed
74
What year did Egypt become a British protectorate
1914
75
Who launched a revolt in Sudan to gain control
Muhammad Ahmad
76
Who was sent to restore Egyptian control over Sudan
Britain's force under General Charles Gordon
77
Did Charles Gordon succeed in beating Sudanese forces?
No
78
What year did Gordon's fleet lose in Khartoum
1885
79
What year was Britain finally able to control Sudan
1898
80
What two countries did France place a protectorate on in North Africa
Tunisia and Morocco
81
Did Italy succeed in annexing Ethiopia
No 😂
82
In what year did Italy attempt to colonize again
1911
83
What did Italy succeed in annexing
Turkish Tripoli/Libya
84
Who was the real driving force behind colonization of Central Africa
King Leopold II
85
Who did Leopold hire to set up settlements in the Congo?
Henry Stanley
86
What country was not concerned with Leopold and tried to claim land in Central Africa
France
87
Did Germany want to become a colonial power?
No
88
Why did Germany become a colonial power?
it was needed to stay powerful
89
Who was Germany's leader in the late 1800s
Otto Von Bismarck
90
What years did the Berlin Conference take place?
1884 and 1885
91
What did Portugal receive at the Berlin Conference?
Mozambique
92
Who are the Boers
Dutch descendants in South Africa
93
What is the area surrounding Cape town called?
Cape Colony
94
Why did the Boers move north on the Great Trek
They hated British rule
95
How many Boers moved away from British rule
1/5 of the population
96
Where did the Boers settle after moving
Between the Orange and Vaal rivers (Orange Free State and Transvaal)
97
What two republics did the Boers create after escaping British rule?
The Orange Free State and Transvaal
98
Where were AFRICAN indigenous people placed
on reservations
99
Who was Cecil Rhodes
rich British South African who founded diamond and gold mining companies that made him a fortune
100
What did Cecil Rhodes believe in
He was a huge British imperialist and wanted a railroad from Cairo to Cape Town
101
What made British people go to Transvaal
the discovery of diamonds in the region
102
When did the Boer War occur?
1899 to 1902
103
What did the British do in response to the Boers' fierce guerrilla resistance
burned crops and forced 120k women and children into detention camps
104
How many deaths occured in the Boer War due to detention camps?
20k
105
What year was a peace treaty signed between the Boers and the British
1902
106
What year was the Union of South Africa founded
1910
107
What was the Union of South Africa made of
Cape Colony and the Boer Republics
108
By what year had Africa been divided up entirely by European powers
1914
109
What were the only two free states in Africa
Liberia and Ethiopia
110
What is indirect rule
where a country has loose control of a nation and has a political elite run the nation for them
111
What nation especially followed indirect rule
Britain
112
What was the big problem with indirect rule
it created no opportunity for young Africans to become leaders and planted the seeds for poor leaders in the future
113
What type of rule did the French use in Africa
direct rule
114
Instead of preserving indigenous culture, what did the French do?
made the Africans assimilate to French norms
115
What were young African leaders educated in foreign nations eager to do?
introduce western ideas to their country
116
Who are the creoles
descendants of Europeans born in Latin America
117
who controlled Latin American governments during colonial times
Peninsulares and creoles
118
Which leader created opportunity for creoles to take power and how
Napoleon invaded Spain and Portugal which weakened control over the colonies
119
Which nation in Latin America was first to get independence
Haiti
120
what year did Haiti get independence
1804
121
who was the leader of the revolution in Santa Domingue (Haiti)
Francois-Dominique Toussaint Louverture
122
Who were peninsulares
Spanish and Portuguese officials who temporarily lived in Latin America for political and economic gain
123
who were the mestizos
people with native american and european descent
124
what happened to the revolt led by Miguel Hidalgo
his ill-equipped army of thousands of Native Americans and mestizos and against the Spaniards they were crushed and Hidalgo was sentenced to death
125
who helped the peninsulares in Mexico against Hidalgo's revolt
the creoles
126
what country was Hidalgo from
Mexico
127
who declared himself emperor of Mexico once independence came
Agustin de Iturbide
128
what year did Mexico get independence
1821
129
which 2 people were declared the Liberators of South America
Jose de San Martin and Simon Bolivar
130
what country was Jose de San Martin from
Argentina
131
what country was Simon Bolivar from
Venezuela
132
where did Simon Bolivar not lead a revolt
Argentina
133
which revolutionary leader helped create Gran Colombia
Simon Bolivar
134
who led his forces over the Andes to attack the Spanish in Chile
Jose de San Martin
135
who attacked Peru and joined forces with Bolivar
Jose de San Martin
136
what year did Brazil get independence
1822
137
what year was the Monroe Doctrine put in place
1823
138
which European nation favored using troops to restore Spanish control in Latin America
Britain
139
what were caudillos
military leader/dictator in Latin America
140
who was Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna
Cuban leader from 1833 to 1855
141
who was a caudillo in Argentina
Juan Manuel de Rosas
142
who was Benito Juarez
former liberal Mexican president
143
what years were Mexico and the United States at war
1846-1848
144
what was the basis of wealth in Latin America
land
145
when Latin American nations got economic independence, who controlled the economy?
Britain
146
what nations did the United States not send troops to in Latin America
Brazil and Argentina
147
what was the term for American influence on Latin American development
dollar diplomacy
148
what year did Jose Marti return to Cuba to lead a revolt against Spanish rule
1895
149
what was the year of the Spanish-American War
1898
150
What was the result of the Spanish-American War in Latin America
Cuba became a protectorate and Puerto Rico was annexed
151
What year did the Panama Canal open in
1914
152
what was the Roosevelt Corollary
claimed the US could intervene in any Latin American Nation guilty of "chronic misconduct" such as the inability to repay debts
153
Who's independence did Roosevelt support
Panama
154
who replaced Europe as the source of loans and investments
the United States
155
Where was the US deployed from 1915 to 1934
Haiti
156
Where was the US deployed from 1912 to 1933
Nicaragua
157
Who was Porfirio Diaz
president who created a centralized conservative government who was supported by the church, large landowners, foreign capitalists and the army
158
what percent of rural land was owned by 1k families in Mexico
95%
159
what year did Mexico get a new constitution
1917
160
what type of reform did peasants want from the Mexican Revolution
land
161
which Mexican president sought a balance of dealing with foreign interests but failed
Francisco Madero
162
what were the main exports of Argentina
wheat and beef
163
What was the main export of Brazil
silver and sugar
164
what was the difference between the constitution of the United States and those of Latin American countries
limited voting rights
165
who was the liberal landowner who forced Diaz from power in Mexico
Fransisco Madero
166
who raided the northern states of Mexico
Pancho Villa and his army
167
who aroused the masses of landless peasants and redistributed land in Mexico
Emiliano Zapata
168
what did the new Mexican constitution limit (not working hours)
foreign investment
169
did Mexico have universal male suffrage?
Yes
170
what did Latin America sell mostly
foodstuffs and raw materials
171
did the middle class of Mexico want revolution?
no
172
after the middle class had the right to vote, who did they side with?
landholding elites
173
how did political elites sway Mexican elections?
limiting voting rights
174
what years were the Mayans active
300-900
175
Where was the Mayan Empire located
Mexico
176
Mayan cities were built around central pyramids topped by a shrine to the gods, what was nearby?
temples, palaces, and a sacred ball court
177
What did the Mayans do with captured soldiers
enslaved them
178
what number was the Mayan numerical system based off of
20
179
What did the Mayan calendar NOT include
10 30-day months
180
did the Mayans have an 18-letter alphabet system
no
181
what was central to the Mayans
religion
182
what was the center of the Toltec Empire
Tula
183
When was the Toltec around
950-1150
184
What was the capital of the Aztec empire
Tenochtitlan
185
what city name means "place of the stone and prickly pear cactus"
Tenochtitlan
186
across what lake did the Aztec built roadways of stone
the Texcoco lake
187
What was tribute in the Aztec Kingdom
goods and money paid by conquered people to their conquerors
188
who formed an alliance with two other Aztec cities
Montezuma I
189
who was the ruler of the Aztecs when the Spanish arrived
Montezuma II
190
were Aztec nobility all related to the royals?
no
191
What was the Aztec government like
authoritarian, the king claimed to be descendant of the gods and there were plenty of officials and lords to aid the king
192
did the Aztec believe they had to sacrifice half of their crop to the sun god?
No
193
Who did the Azte believe were representatives of one of their gods (not the king)
the Spanish
194
What were chinampas
swampy islands crisscrossed by canals that provided water for their crops
195
when did the Nazca civilization appear
200 BC
196
What are Nazca Lines
grooves etched into rocky soil of southern Peru in the image of mostly animals
197
when did the Moche civilization appear
300 AD
198
under who's leadership did the Inca begin to control the entire region
Pachacuti
199
What does the word Inca mean
Ruler
200
How many people were in the Inca empire
12 million
201
Who had the strongest army in South America in ancient times
the Inca
202
what language did the Inca speak
Quechua
203
what was the Incan society built off of
war
204
who did the Inca believe in (god)
the sun god, Inti
205
what did women do in the Incan Empire
weave cloth and raise kids
206
what was along Incan roads?
rest homes
207
what is the Quipu
a system of knotted strings that kept records
208
what number is the Inca number system based off of
10
209
How many days were in the Inca calendar
365
210
who were the actors in the Incan empire
the nobility
211
what was the first great trading state in West Africa
Ghana
212
Where was the Kingdom of Ghana located (which river valley)
Niger River Valley
213
what did Ghana have an abundance of
iron ore
214
what thing did Ghana have that was special
Gold
215
who were the nomadic people whose came caravans became known as the fleets of the desert and carried much of the trade across the desert
the Berers
216
who established the Kingdom of Mali
Sundiata Keita
217
Did Sundiata Keita unite the Songhiai and Mali people under one?
no
218
what was the famous trading city in Mali
timbuktu
219
What did the Kingdom of Mali have that was special
Gold and salt
220
Did Mansa Musa enslave people when heading to the Mecca
no
221
Did Mansa Musa built a big fortress around Timbuktu
No
222
Where were the Songhai located
east of Timbuktu, south of the Niger River bend
223
Which African kingdom used the shells of cowries as a medium of exchange
Songhai
224
did Sunni Ali fight with his army
yes
225
Who was the most powerful leader of the Songhai
Muhammad Ture
226
where were the Kilwa located
west Africa
227
who created the Alliance for Progress in America
JFK
228
what was the Alliance for Progress
an alliance that encouraged social reform and economic development in Latin America
229
What is the PRI
Institutional Revolutionary Party
230
what was NAFTA
North America Free Trade Agreement
231
when did NAFTA start
1994
232
Which Mexican president worked to speed up privatization to relieve the debt crisis and worked with the US and Canada on NAFTA
Carlos Salinas de Gortari
233
Who ruled Cuba from 1933 until 1959
Fulgencio Batista
234
In the 1960s, repressive military regimes in Chile, Brazil, and Argentina abolished political parties and did what else
returned to relying on foreign investment
235
what year was the OAS formed
1948
236
what does OAS stand for
Organization of American States
237
Who led the revolution that took over Cuba in 1959
Fidel Castro
238
What year was Juan Peron first elected by the people of Argentina
1946
239
who overthrew Juan peron in 1955
the military
240
what year was Juan Peron elected for the second time by the people of Argentina
1973
241
what was the Colombian government like
conservative and democratic
242
when Cuba sided with the Soviets, what did the United States do
they placed a trade embargo
243
what year was Jacobo Arbenz overthrown in Guatemala
1954
244
who helped overthrow Jacobo Arbenz
US
245
who gained control of Nicaragua
Somoza
246
who supported the Somoza
US
247
how many Mayans were killed in Guatemala
200k
248
what year did the Marxist guerrilla forces of Sandinista National Liberation Front take over Nicaragua
1979
249
who was elected Chile's president in 1970
Salvador Allende
250
what was Allende economically
Socialist
251
who overthrew Allende
Augusto Pinochet
252
Which Spanish conqueror defeated the Aztecs
Hernan Cortes
253
Which Spanish conqueror defeated the Inca
Francisco Pizarro
254
Which Aztec ruler was defeated by the Spanish
Montezuma II
255
Which Inca ruler was defeated by the Spanish
Atahuallpa
256
Did Hernan Cortes conquer the Olmec people?
No
257
what sickness did the Spanish bring with them that killed many natives
Smallpox
258
how many africans were brought to Latin America
around 8 million
259
what did Spain and Portugal extract mostly in Latin America
gold and silver
260
what did the Spanish and Portuguese do to make the Natives work on farms and in the mines
encomienda system
261
what was the Mita
a system that allowed authorities to draft indigenous labor to work in the silver mines in Peru
262
who was the Catholic priest who spoke out against the encomienda
Bartolome de Las Casas
263
who was the Mexican nun that wrote poetry and prose and urged that women be educated
Juana Ines de la Cruz
264
who created the good neighbor policy
FDR
265
who controlled the copper mining industry in Chile and Peru
the US
266
what was the good neighbor policy
rejected the use of US military force in Latin America
267
what year was the Good Neighbor Policy enacted
1933
268
which Venezuelan dictator did the United States have close ties to
Juan Vicente Gomez
269
what did the Radical Party of Argentina fear
they feared industrial workers who were using strikes to improve their wages
270
who was Getulio Vargas
a wealthy rancher who became President of Brazil
271
how did Vargas become president of Brazil
a coup
272
what was the official political party of the Mexican Revolution
PRI
273
what does PRI stand for
Institutional Revolutionary Party
274
what year did the Cuban Missile Crisis occur
1962
275
where did the Dirty War occur
Argentina
276
What was the Platt Amendment
a rule imposed on Cuba that forbid land transfers except to America, gave the US the right to intervene whenever they think Cuba is in danger, and gave the US a permanent naval base in Guantanamo Bay
277
did Pinochet nationalize all the companies in Chile
no
278
who supported the Contras
the US
279
what year was Oscar Romero killed in
1980
280
who killed six Catholic priests in El Salvador
right wing death squads
281
What does FMLN stand for
Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front
282
where was FMLN active
El Salvador
283
In what year did the US recognize Cuban independence
1902
284
in 1933, who was overthrown by radicals in Cuba?
Gerardo Machado
285
what year was the Monroe Doctrine imposed
1823
286
what year was Juan Peron first elected president of Argentina
1952
287
What did the Drago Doctrine say
denied the right of the US to use force to collect foreign debt
288
Which wife of Juan Peron was overthrown by the military in 1976
Isabel Peron
289
Which year did the Catholic Church shift to a more liberal position
1968
290
what year was Arbenz overthrown
1954
291
In what year did Castro take power over Cuba
1959
292
Who was overthrown by Fidel Castro in Cuba
Fulgencio Batista
293
who was the dictator of the Domincan Republic who was was assassinated in 1961
Rafael Trujillo Molina
294
Who did the US support in the Dominican Republic after the coup of Juan Bosch in 1963
The military government
295
when did the US give up control of the Panama Canal
1999
296
what were Batista and Machado economically
Right
9th
flashcards
Decks in class (45)
# Cards
-
Italian Verbs40
-
Vocab list 113
-
Chapter 17.167
-
Chapter 2 Biology83
-
Chapter 23 Lesson 483
-
Irregular Conjugation Italian60
-
Theology Vocab 19
-
Chapter 3 Intro to Biochem93
-
Chapter 25 Lesson 460
-
Vocab 223
-
Vocab 315
-
Reflexive Verbs25
-
Body parts28
-
Chapter 29 lesson 470
-
Chapter 4 Tour of the Cell93
-
Econ/Poc system67
-
Vocab list 423
-
Chapter 5 Bio24
-
Geometry Formulas Unit 210
-
Passato Prossimo32
-
Chapter 25 Lesson 275
-
Chapter 6 Biology19
-
🥰7
-
Global 1 Midterm296
-
Travel16
-
Global Studies I Midterm1
-
Biology Midterm177
-
biology midterm multiple choice10
-
Theology vocan 324
-
Chromatography Lab11
-
Chapter 5 Lesson 132
-
Chapter 4 theology11
-
Buddhism28
-
Vocab list 715
-
Chapter 8 Bio23
-
Coordinate Geometry formulas9
-
Chapter 25 Lesson 341
-
Vocab list 817
-
3 lessons in one quiz60
-
Irregular imperfetto5
-
Vocab 919
-
Vocab 5 or something13
-
Chapter 9-220
-
Chapter something theology13
-
Chap 6 lessons 1 and 250
