Chapter 29 lesson 4

Question 1

What was the Latin American economy based off of in the 1900s?

Answer 1

Foodstuffs and raw materials

Question 2

What did Argentina export?

Answer 2

Beef and wheat

Question 3

What did Chile export

Answer 3

nitrates and copper

Question 4

What did Brazil export

Answer 4

coffee and cotton

Question 5

What did Cuba export

Answer 5

sugar

Question 6

What did Central America export

Answer 6

bananas

Question 7

Who replaced Britain as an investor in Latin America?

Answer 7

America

Question 8

Where did U.S. investors put their money?

Answer 8

production facilities and self-run companies

Question 9

What did Central American independent republics rely on economically?

Answer 9

wealthy nations

Question 10

Who owned United Fruit Co.?

Answer 10

the U.S.

Question 11

What did the United Fruit Company own?

Answer 11

land, packing plants, and railroads in Central America

Question 12

Where did American firms gain control of copper-mining?

Answer 12

Chile and Peru

Question 13

Where did American firms gain control of the oil industry?

Answer 13

Mexico, Peru, and Bolivia

Question 14

What made people view America as an imperialist power?

Answer 14

growing nationalist awareness

Question 15

What were U.S. profits used for in the government?

Answer 15

keeping dictators in power

Question 16

Who was Juan Vicente Gomez

Answer 16

Venezuelan dictator who had closed ties to the U.S.

Question 17

Where did America intervene with their military the most?

Answer 17

Central America and the Caribbean

Question 18

What year was the Good Neighbor Policy enacted?

Answer 18

1933

Question 19

Who enacted the Good Neighbor Policy?

Answer 19

FDR

Question 20

what was the Good Neighbor Policy?

Answer 20

rejected the use of U.S. military force in Latin America

Question 21

In what year did the U.S. withdraw their last marines in Haiti

Answer 21

1934

Question 22

After withdrawing troops from Haiti, what was accomplished?

Answer 22

for the first time in 30 years, there were no troops stationed in Latin America

Question 23

Was the Great Depression beneficial for the Latin American economy?

Answer 23

no

Question 24

Which Latin American exports went down due to the Great Depression?

Answer 24

Coffee, sugar, metals, and meat

Question 25

What was the positive effect on Latin American economy from the Great Depression?

Answer 25

they couldn’t purchase from abroad which encouraged self-producing

Question 26

What was the hope for self-producing in Latin America?

Answer 26

it would bring economic independence

Question 27

Why could Latin American countries not self-produce?

Answer 27

Capital was scarce in the private sector

Question 28

What did little available capital for development lead to?

Answer 28

government-run steel industries in Chile and Brazil and oil industries in Argentina and Mexico

Question 29

Although most countries were republics, who ruled each country?

Answer 29

Groups of church officials, military leaders, and large landowners

Question 30

Why were military groups important to dictatorships?

Answer 30

to keep special interest groups in power

Question 31

Why did authoritarianism trends increase in the ‘30s?

Answer 31

because of the Great Depression’s impact

Question 32

What led to dictatorship?

Answer 32

domestic instability caused by economic crises

Question 33

What form of government was Argentina?

Answer 33

oligarchy

Question 34

What is an oligarchy

Answer 34

a government in which a select group of people exercise control

Question 35

What did the Argentinian Oligarchs ignore?

Answer 35

the importance of industries, cities, and the growing middle class

Question 36

What did the growing middle class do in Argentina?

Answer 36

created the Radical Party

Question 37

Who was elected president of Argentina?

Answer 37

the leader of the Radical Party

Question 38

What did the Radical Party fear?

Answer 38

industrial workers using strikes for better conditions

Question 39

What did the radical party do in response to strikes

Answer 39

drew closer to large landowners and became more corrupt

Question 40

Who overthrew the Argentine President?

Answer 40

The army

Question 41

What was the goal of the Argentine Coup made by the army?

Answer 41

maintain exports and stop the growth of the working-class power

Question 42

During WWII, what did military officers form?

Answer 42

the Group of United Officers

Question 43

What did the GOU do?

Answer 43

overthrew the Argentine government

Question 44

Who overthrew the Brazilian government

Answer 44

the army

Question 45

What form of government did Brazil become after being overthrown

Answer 45

republic

Question 46

what was Brazil’s republic ruled by

Answer 46

By landed elites who owned coffee plantations

Question 47

What kept Brazilian elites in power?

Answer 47

good coffee market

Question 48

How did the Great Depression effect Brazil

Answer 48

the coffee market was devastated

Question 49

Who was Getulio Vargas

Answer 49

Wealthy rancher who staged a coup and became president of Brazil

Question 50

What year did Brazil experience a coup

Answer 50

1930

Question 51

What years did Geutlio Vargas serve

Answer 51

1930-1945

Question 52

In what year did Vargas become a dictator

Answer 52

1937

Question 53

What year did Brazil’s Vargas establish a new state

Answer 53

1938

Question 54

What was Vargas’ free state like

Answer 54

authoritarian, outlawed political parties, and started new industries

Question 55

What did the army fear in Brazil after the free state was started

Answer 55

that Vargas would prolong his power illegally, so they made him resign

Question 56

What was Mexico’s government like?

Answer 56

not authoritarian or democratic

Question 57

What was the first significant effort to raise living standards in Latin America?

Answer 57

the Mexican Revolution

Question 58

What was the PRI

Answer 58

The official party of Mexican Revolution that controlled the major groups within Mexican society

Question 59

Every how many years did the PRI chose a presidential candidate?

Answer 59

6 years

Question 60

Who was Lazaro Cardenas

Answer 60

Mexican President

Question 61

When was Lazaro Cardenas president

Answer 61

1934-1940

Question 62

What were Lazaro’s goals?

Answer 62

distribute 44 million acres of land to the peasants and he took a strong stand with the U.S. over oil

Question 63

after a dispute with the foreign-owned oil companies over wages, what happened?

Answer 63

Cardenas seized control of oil fields

Question 64

Why did FDR not intervene?

Answer 64

the Good Neighbor policy

Question 65

After the Mexican government paid the oil companies for their property, what did they set up?

Answer 65

PEMEX

Question 66

What was PEMEX

Answer 66

a national oil company to run the oil industry, it was a symbol of independence

Question 67

What type of art movements came to Latin America?

Answer 67

European

Question 68

Who was Diego Riviera?

Answer 68

artist who promoted a new national spirit, he studied in Europe and was influenced by fresco painting in Italy and developed a monumental style

Question 69

What was Riviera’s message?

Answer 69

Don’t forget the Mexican Revolution

Question 70

What was Riviera’s art about?

Answer 70

Aztec legends and festival and folk customs