9th > Chapter 25 Lesson 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 25 Lesson 2 Flashcards

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1
Q

What made European nations fight over Africa?

A

Resources

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2
Q

what resources of West Africa were desired by many?

A

peanuts, timber, hides, and palm oil

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3
Q

What did Europeans make lots of money from in the early 1800s in Africa

A

the slave trade

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4
Q

Around when did the slave trade end

A

late 1800s

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5
Q

Which nation had the first colony in Africa?

A

Britain

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6
Q

What did Britain seize, starting the race for Africa

A

the Gold Coast

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7
Q

What was the first ever African colony

A

Nigeria

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8
Q

What did Britain make Nigeria?

A

A protectorate

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9
Q

By 1900, what did France add to their empire?

A

French West Africa

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10
Q

What did Germany control?

A

Togo, Cameroon, German South Africa, and German East Africa

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11
Q

What was Egypt apart of before independence?

A

The Ottoman Empire

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12
Q

Who was Muhammad Ali

A

officer of the Ottoman army who seized power in Egypt and gave it independence

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13
Q

What reforms did Muhammad Ali bring?

A

modernized army, public schools, and created small industries

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14
Q

What did growing economic importance of the Nile give Europeans a desire to do?

A

build a canal east of Cairo to connect the Red Seas and the Mediterranean

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15
Q

When was the Suez Canal completed?

A

1869

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16
Q

Who tried to seize the Suez after completion?

A

Britain

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17
Q

In 1875, who bought Egypt’s share in the Suez Canal?

A

Britain

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18
Q

When did Egypt become a British protectorate?

A

1914

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19
Q

Why did Britain want Sudan

A

Protect their interests and the Suez

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20
Q

Who was Muhammad Ahmad

A

Muslim cleric who launched a revolt and gained him control of Sudan

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21
Q

What did Britain do in response to Muhammad Ahmad overtaking Sudan?

A

they sent a military force under Charles Gordon to gain control.

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22
Q

Did Ahmad’s troops lose to the British?

A

No, they killed Gordon and the troops

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23
Q

What year did the Sudanese and British fight in Khartoum?

A

1885

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24
Q

What year did Sudan lose to the British?

A

1898

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25
Where did France place a protectorate after settling Algeria?
Tunisia and Morocco
26
Did Italy succeed in trying to invade Ethiopia?
no
27
Which country was the only country to fail to colonize
Italy
28
When did Italy try to colonize again
1911
29
What did Italy rename Turkish Tripoli?
Libya
30
Who inspired nations to take over Central Africa?
King Leopold II
31
What 2 things mattered most to Leopold
Wealth and an empire
32
Who did Leopold hire to set up Belgian settlements in the Congo?
Henry Stanley
33
What did Leopold’s state cause the other European nations to think
they were concerned
34
Which country rushed to take part of Central Africa besides Belgium
France
35
Who was Otto von Bismarck
German Chancellor
36
Was Bismarck in favor of colonization?
No, but people convinced him to colonize
37
When did the Berlin Conference take place?
1884 and 1885
38
Did the conference recognize both British and German territories in East Africa?
yes
39
Were any African Delegates present in the Berlin Conference?
no
40
Who are the Boers/Afrikaners
Dutch descendants in South Africa
41
Where did the Boers live?
Around Cape Town
42
When did Britain seize the areas around Cape Town?
During the Napoleonic Wars
43
What did the British call the area around Cape Town?
Cape Colony
44
Why did the Boers move towards the Great Trek?
they hated British rule
45
How much of the Boer population joined the trek?
1/5th
46
Where did the Boers settle after moving?
to the Orange and Vaal Rivers
47
What 2 republics did the Boers form?
the Orange Free State and Transvaal
48
How did the Boers treat natives?
poorly, they were racist and put the, on reservations
49
Who was Shaka
a Zulu leader who carved out an empire and fought the Boers
50
How were the Zulu defeated
After the British got involved
51
Who was Cecil Rhodes
founded diamond and gold mines that made him a fortune,
52
What did Cecil Rhodes want for Britain
he wanted all of Africa for them and a railroad from Cairo to the Cape
53
Where were diamonds and gold discovered in South Africa?
Transvaal
54
When did the Boer War occur?
1899 to 1902
55
What did the British do in response to guerrilla resistance in the Boer War?
burning crops and forcing 120K women and children in detention camps
56
How many people died in the detention camps
20k
57
What year did Britain create the Union of South Africa
1910
58
What was the Union of South Africa composed of
old Cape Colony and the Boer Republics
59
What offer did Britain make to make the Boers agree to the Union?
they made it so only whites could vote
60
By what year was Africa divided by Europe entirely
1914
61
What were the two nations that weren’t colonized in Africa?
Liberia and Ethiopia
62
What is indirect rule
relying on political elites and institutions and loosely ruling on a nation
63
Which nation used indirect rule the most?
Britain
64
Which nation used direct rule the most?
France
65
Why was indirect rule fraud?
because British administrators made all major decisions
66
Why was indirect rule bad for the future?
it gave talented young people no shot to get experience or power
67
How does direct rule work
the nation would appoint a governor-general and they would follow command from the nation itself
68
Who did the French governor-generals report to?
they aided the bureaucracy and reported to Paris
69
Did France want to preserve culture or assimilate Africans?
assimilate
70
Were Africans eligible to run for office in French colonies?
yes but very few were
71
Why did a new generation of Africans like the West?
because they were educated in the West or in colonial schools
72
Why did the new African leaders resent foreigners?
because of their racism and contempt for Africans
73
What jobs could poor natives have?
low-paying jobs, factory jobs, farming
74
What jobs could middle-class Africans get?
government or business jobs but not well-paying
75
What were ways Africans were segregated from whites
clubs, schools, churches
9th
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